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Med Micro Exam 3 > Chapter 23 > Flashcards

Chapter 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Septicemia can be caused by both ____ and ____ bacteria.

A

Gram -

Gram +

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2
Q

In Septicemia, the Gram - bacteria can produce what toxin?

A

endotoxins

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3
Q

In Septicemia, why does the doctor need to know whether the bacteria is gram - or gram +?

A

In order to determine whether antibiotics will help or worsen the symptoms. (Will worsen if it is gram - as the endotoxins produced can lead to shock, if antibiotics are given)

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4
Q

What is Puerperal Sepsis?

A

childbirth fever

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5
Q

Sepsis can cause a bacterial infection within the inner lining of the heart and can lead to destruction of the heart valves. What is this condition called?

A

Bacterial Endocarditis

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6
Q

Bacterial Endocarditis has what kind of bacteria?

A

Gram - ; can produce endotoxins

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7
Q

What does Rheumatic fever cause?

A

arthritis in older people

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8
Q

What bacteria is responsible for Tuleremia?

A

Francicella tuleresisis; a gram - rod

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9
Q

If Francicella tulerosisis gets into your lungs it takes what form?

A

pneumonic form, which is the most dangerous

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10
Q

What is the main reservoir for Tuleremia?

A

rabbits

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11
Q

There is a __% fatality rate if Tuleremia goes untreated.

A

15

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12
Q

Brucellosis is made up of gram __ rods.

A

negative

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13
Q

What are the 3 species in Brucellosis?

A
  1. Brucella abortus (cows)
  2. B. melitensis (goats)
  3. B. suis (soil)
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14
Q

What is the most common of the 3 species in Brucellosis?

A

B. suis

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15
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission for Brucellosis?

A

ingesting unpasteurized milk

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16
Q

What is the most serious of the 3 species in Brucellosis?

A

B. Melitensis; causes undulant fever

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17
Q

Anthrax is caused by what bacteria?

A

Bacillus anthracis; a Gram + sporing rod

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18
Q

What is the main reservoir for Anthrax?

A

soil

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19
Q

What are the modes of transmission for Anthrax?

A

inhalation, skin contact, ingestion (which can lead to septicemia)

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20
Q

Bacillus anthracis have __________, which make them very difficult to kill.

A

endospores

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21
Q

Bacillus anthracis produce ________, making them lethal.

A

exotoxins

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22
Q

Is there a vaccine for Anthrax?

A

yes; however most treatments are not very effective

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23
Q

What bacteria is responsible for Gangrene?

A

Clostridium perfringens (mostly) ; gram + sporing rods

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24
Q

How is most Gangrene gotten?

A

through frostbite

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25
Q

What are some of the treatments for Gangrene?

A

surgical debridement, antibiotics, oxygen chamber, amputation

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26
Q

How is Pasteurella multocida gotten?

A

through dog or cat bites

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27
Q

Is Pasteurella multocida found in humans?

A

No, not unless it was given by an animal bite

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28
Q

Cat Scratch Disease is caused by what bacteria?

A

Bartonella hensele

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29
Q

What bacteria is responsible for the Plague?

A

Yersinia pestes

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30
Q

What is Yersinia pestes?

A

An enterobacteria, gram - rod, causes the plague

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31
Q

What is the main reservoir for the Plague?

A

Rats

32
Q

What is the vector used in the transmission of the Plague (Yersinia pestes)?

A

Flea

33
Q

What is the mode of transmission for the Plague bacteria (Yersinia pestes)?

A

Flea Bite

34
Q

What are the two types of the Plague?

A
  1. Bubonic Plague

2. Pneumonic Plague

35
Q

What two things do you need to know about the Bubonic Plague?

A
  1. It is in the Lymph Nodes

2. Has a 50-75% mortality rate

36
Q

What two things do you need to know about the Pneumonic Plague?

A
  1. Causes Pneumonia

2. Has a 100% mortality rate if untreated

37
Q

What two things are done to diagnose the Plague bacteria?

A
  1. Isolate the bacteria

2. IFA test

38
Q

How can you control the spread of the Plague bacteria, Yersinia pestes?

A

sanitation, rat control, rat flea control

39
Q

What year was Lyme Disease discovered?

A

1975

40
Q

Where is Lyme Disease the most prevalent?

A

In the New England area

41
Q

What bacteria is responsible for Lyme’s disease?

A

Borrelia bergdorferi; spirochetes

42
Q

How is Lyme disease transmitted?

A

through tick bites; baby ticks

43
Q

What kind of rash shows up in 75% of patients diagnosed with Lyme’s disease?

A

a bulls eye rash

44
Q

What are some of the many symptoms that Lyme’s disease can cause?

A

bulls eye rash, flulike symptoms, later heart problems, neurological symptoms, meningitis, encephalitis, arthritis

45
Q

How can you diagnose Lyme’s disease?

A

PCR test**, Serology, Isolation, a HX of a tick bite

46
Q

What bacteria causes Typhus?

A

Rickettsia; intracellular obligate parasites

47
Q

Typhus is _________ borne; usually through ticks.

A

anthropod

48
Q

What bacteria causes Rocky Mountain Spotted fever?

A

Rickettsia Rickettsii

49
Q

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever causes a rash that is similar to the rash seen in what other disease?

A

measles

50
Q

What is the vector in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Ticks

51
Q

What is Transovarian passage (as seen in rocky mountain spotted fever)?

A

how the adult tick passes the disease-causing bacteria to the offspring tick.

52
Q

How can you differentiate between the rash seen in Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and the rash seen in Measles?

A

In RMSF the rash will be on the palms and soles as well; it won’t be on these in measles

53
Q

What are some of the symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

rash, fever, headache, kidney and heart failure

54
Q

What is HHV-4?

A

Epstein-Barr virus (herpes virus)

55
Q

What two cancers can be caused by HHV-4?

A
  1. Burkitt’s Lymphoma

2. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

56
Q

Epstein-Barr Virus (HHV-4) can sometimes cause what?

A

infectious mononucleosis

57
Q

What is the modes of transmission for infectious mono?

A

kissing*, saliva transfer, drinking

58
Q

In mono, the virus multiplies in what gland?

A

the parotid gland

59
Q

What are symptoms of mono?

A

fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes

60
Q

In developing countries, __% of children under 4 years old have infectious mono (but are asymptomatic).

A

90

61
Q

In the USA __% of young adults 15-25 yrs old have infectious mono.

A

15

62
Q

What is Yellow Fever caused by?

A

Arbovirus

63
Q

What is the chain of transmission for Yellow Fever?

A

mosquitoes–>monkeys–>man

64
Q

What happens to cause jaundice in Yellow Fever?

A

the liver cells destruct.

65
Q

Where is Yellow Fever often found?

A

in the tropics

66
Q

What is Hantavirus?

A

severe pneumonia; flooding of the lungs with fluid.

67
Q

Dengue Fever

A

mosquito borne; transovarian virus passage; can cause Dengue hemmorhagic fever

68
Q

What is Toxoplasmosis caused by?

A

the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii

69
Q

What is the mode of transmission for Toxoplasmosis?

A

The protozoa is found in cat feces

70
Q

Who is Toxoplasmosis particularly dangerous for?

A

Pregnant women; can cause congenital infection to fetus leading to severe brain damage, blindness, and death

71
Q

What is the cause of American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

72
Q

What are reservoirs for American Trypanosomiasis?

A

rodents, possums, armadillos

73
Q

What is the vector in American Trypanosomiasis?

A

the kissing bug

74
Q

What are the 4 parasites cause Malaria?

A
  1. Plasmodium falciparum
  2. P. vivex
  3. P. Malariae
  4. P. ovale
75
Q

What is the vector in Malaria?

A

mosquito

76
Q

What are symptoms of Malaria?

A

chills, fever, vomiting, headache

Med Micro Exam 3 (10 decks)

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