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Med Micro Exam 3 > Chapter 24 > Flashcards

Chapter 24 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the major portal of entry for microbial diseases of the respiratory system?

A

the respiratory tract

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2
Q

What are the 2 modes of transmission for microbial diseases of the respiratory system?

A
  1. droplet method

2. direct contact

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3
Q

What is included in the upper respiratory tract?

try to remember at least 2

A

nose, throat, tonsils, adenoids, middle ear, eustachiontubes, sinus ducts, lacrimal ducts, mucous membranes, cilia

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4
Q

What is included in the lower respiratory tract? (try to remember at least 2)

A

larynx, trachea, bronchi, broncheoles, alveoli, pleura, pleural cavity, alveolar macrophages, cilia

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5
Q

What is Pharyngitis?

A

inflammation of mucous membranes in the throat (sore throat)

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6
Q

What is Laryngitis?

A

difficulty with speaking; can be caused by Strep pneumoniae or S. pyogenes

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7
Q

What is Tonsillitis?

A

a disease of the upper respiratory system

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8
Q

What can cause Sinusitis?

A

S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, mucous membrane infection

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9
Q

What can cause Epiglottitis?

A

H. influenza; very serious disease that can cause death within a few hours.

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10
Q

What infection causes Streptococcal Pharyngititis?

A

Strep throat

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11
Q

Strep throat is caused by what bacteria?

A

Streptococcus pyogenes; gram +

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12
Q

What are symptoms of Streptococcal Pharyngititis?

A

fever, sore throat, tonsillitis, swollen lymph nodes, otitis media.

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13
Q

Streptococcal Pharyngititis is easily treated by what antibiotic?

A

Amoxicillin

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14
Q

If Streptococcal Pharyngititis (strep throat) is not treated in childhood it can lead to serious complications as an adult. List 3 of these complications.

A
  1. Endocarditis
  2. Rheumatic Fever
  3. Glomerulonephritis
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15
Q

What is Scarlet Fever?

A

a much more serious disease that can e caused by the bacteria S. pyogenes.

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16
Q

In Scarlet Fever what goes into the circulatory system causing a rash throughout the body?

A

Erythrogenic toxin

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17
Q

What are some of the symptoms of Scarlet Fever?

A

reddish rash, high fever, strawberry-like appearance on tongue

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18
Q

What bacteria is responsible for Diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria; a gram + rod

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19
Q

What are some symptoms of Diphtheria?

A

general malaise, neck swelling, greyish membranes in throat

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20
Q

In Diphtheria there is an ________ that blocks protein synthesis in any cell it enters.

A

exotoxin

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21
Q

What vaccine is there for Diphtheria?

A

DPT vaccine

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22
Q

What are some medicines that can be used to treat Diphtheria?

A

Penicillin, erythromycin, (z-pack)

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23
Q

Cutaneous Diphtheria causes a _________ ______.

A

localized lesion

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24
Q

What bacteria causes Otitis Media?

A

Strep. pneumoniae, H. influenza, S. pyogenes, S. aureus

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25
Q

What is Otitis Media?

A

A nose-throat infection

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26
Q

There are ___ types of Rhinoviruses?

A

113

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27
Q

_______% of common colds are caused by Rhinovirus.

A

50-60%

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28
Q

_____% of common colds are caused by Coronoviruses.

A

15-20%

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29
Q

____% of common colds are caused by Adenovirus.

A

10%

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30
Q

Viral diseases of the upper respiratory system are highly contagious and their mode of transmission is what?

A

airborne droplets

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31
Q

What bacteria is responsible for Whooping Cough (Pertussis)?

A

Bordetella pertussis; gram - rod

32
Q

What is the main symptom of whooping cough?

A

violent coughing, several times a day. Coughing can last 10-30 mins long.

33
Q

What is the treatment for whooping cough?

A

Erythromycin; the vaccine is DPT

34
Q

What bacteria is responsible for Tuberculosis?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

35
Q

The environmental resistance of tuberculosis is high because of what?

A

lipids

36
Q

How many new cases of TB are diagnosed every year? How many deaths result from TB every year?

A

8 million new cases

3 million deaths

37
Q

What is the transmission of TB?

A

inhalation

38
Q

What is DRTB?

A

extensive drug resistance

39
Q

What 4 drugs are used to treat TB?

using a combo of any 2 of these

A
  1. Isoniazid
  2. Rifampin
  3. Streptomycin
  4. Ethambutol
40
Q

What bacteria causes Pneumococcal pneumoniae?

A

S. pneumoniae

41
Q

Is there a vaccine for Pneumococcal pneumoniae? If so how often do you need to be vaccinated?

A

Yes, for elderly. Every 1-2 years.

42
Q

What is Klebsiella pneumonia?

A

A bacterial pneumonia caused by the bacteria K. pneumoniae

43
Q

What is Mycoplasmal pneumonia?

A

A bacterial pneumonia that is less severe and is therefore often called “walking pneumonia”.

44
Q

What kind of pneumonia is often called walking pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasmal pneumonia

45
Q

What bacteria often causes Legionellosis?

A

L. pneumophila

46
Q

Legionellosis was discovered in what year?

A

1976

47
Q

Where is the habitat for L. pneumophila?

A

water pipes, cooling towers

48
Q

How is Legionellosis gotten?

A

aerosols inhalation

49
Q

What are the symptoms of Legionellosis?

A

high fever-105 degrees, pneumonia

50
Q

Legionellosis is an intra amoeba and is ________ resistant.

A

chlorine

51
Q

What bacteria causes Psittacosis (Ornithosis)?

A

Chlamydia psittacii

52
Q

Psittacosis is found in what reservoir?

A

birds; often in parakeets and parrots

53
Q

What are the symptoms of Psittacosis?

A

pneumonia, fever, headache, chills, disorientation, delirium

54
Q

What is a future complication of Chlamydia pneumoniae?

A

heart diseases

55
Q

What is Respiratory Syncitial Virus (HRSV)?

A

an RNA virus most commonly found in infants

56
Q

In RSV you can only use antivirals on the infant if what?

A

their life is at stake as the antivirals are very dangerous for infants.

57
Q

What is used to treat HRSV?

A

Ribavirin will lower severity of symptoms

58
Q

Influenza (Flu) is the most severe viral disease of the lower resp tract and has how many separate pieces of RNA?

A

8

59
Q

The surface of the virus Influenza has 2 proteins, what are they?

A
  1. Hemagglutinin

2. Neuraminidase

60
Q

What is Hemagglutinin?

A

spike proteins; protective attachment

61
Q

What is Neuraminidase for?

A

detachment or release

62
Q

What is Antigenic Shift?

A

Major genetic change in virus that leads to Pandemic

63
Q

What is Antigenic Drift?

A

Minor genetic change in virus.

64
Q

Define Epidemic.

A

an unusually high occurrence of a disease or illness in a population.

65
Q

Define Pandemic.

A

a worldwide occurrence of a disease or illness; starts in 1 continent and can travel to all 6 in weeks.

66
Q

What 2 things does Hantavirus cause?

A
  1. hemorrhagic fever

2. pneumonia

67
Q

What are the 3 Fungal diseases that involve the resp tract?

A
  1. Histoplasmosis
  2. Coccidomyces
  3. Blastomycosis
68
Q

All 3 fungal diseases are ______.

A

Dimorphic.

69
Q

What is Dimorphic Fungi?

A

fungi that grows in yeast and mold.

70
Q

What organism causes Histoplasmosis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

71
Q

Histoplasmosis is transmitted through?

A

inhalation of bird (whatever that means)

72
Q

What 2 fungal diseases are found in the Mississippi valley and Ohio river areas?

A

Histoplasmosis & Blastomycosis

73
Q

Coccidomyces is caused by what organism?

A

Coccidioides immitis

74
Q

Where is Coccidomyces found?

A

In arid and semi arid areas (areas that get less rain) such as CA and AZ

75
Q

What are symptoms of Coccidomyces?

A

mild fever, dry coughing

76
Q

All 3 fungal diseases can be transmitted from animals to humans, otherwise known as what?

A

zoonotic

77
Q

What is the most common treatment for all 3 fungal diseases that can involve the resp tract?

A

Amphoterecin-B

Med Micro Exam 3 (10 decks)

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