Chapter 21 Flashcards
What are some normal flora of the skin?
staphylococci, micrococci, corynebacteria, C. xerosis, propionibacterium acnes
What is the most significant bacteria involved in bacterial diseases?
G+ cocci bacteria
Staphylococcal Infections
G +, clusters hospital
What is a coagulase positive staphylococcal infection?
Staphlococcus aureus (Toxic Shock Syndrome)
What is a coagulase negative staphylococcal infection?
Staphlococcus epidermids
Staph aureus
coagulase, toxin, leukocidin
Toxic Shock Syndrome causes depletion of what?
Magnesium
What is Group A (B. hemolytic) streptococci?
Flesh eating bacteria; 40% fatal; produces Exotoxin A; often in people with weakened immune system
Strep. pyogenes (scarlet fever) causes _________ toxins.
erythrogenic
What symptoms do Erysepelas cause?
fever, skin rashes, sore throat
What is Necrotizing Fascitis?
flesh eating bacteria
What is Pseudomonas?
aerobic G- bacteria often found in water, soil, moist environments
Where is Pseudomonas dermatitis found?
in swimming pools and saunas; can cause hair follicle infection
What is Otitis externa?
a skin infection in burn patients
___% of cystic acne is found in teen years.
85%
What causes cystic acne?
the passage of sebum in blocked rupture of the lining of hair follicles
What does Propionibacterium acne do?
metabolizes sebum, causes inflammation, causes tissue damage, causes scarring.
How can Propionibacterium acne be treated?
With benzoyl peroxide or Tetracycline
What is Papillomavirus? How is it transmitted?
a DNA virus that causes warts; most commonly transmitted through sexual contact
How can Papillomavirus be treated?
With Cryotherapy (Liquid N2 at -190 degrees), duck tape therapy, laser surgery
What is small pox? How is it transmitted?
a DNA virus; eradicated; transmitted through respiratory
What is chicken pox? transmission?
an enveloped DNA virus; transmitted through respiratory
What is viral latency?
when a virus remains latent in your system (can even remain latent for decades), and then is reactivated. (such as chicken pox to shingles many decades later)
There is a ___% infection rate for HSV-1.
90%
Measles is highly contagious and can lead to________________.
pneumonia and even death
What is the route of transmission for measles?
respiratory
A person who has contracted measles is __________ even before symptoms appear.
infectious
What are symptoms of Measles?
fever, headache, cough, rash in face, trunk, extremeties, oral mucosa.
The rash seen with Measles is similar to the rash seen in _________________.
Rocky mountain spotted fever
What is Rubella?
a Rogavirus; RNA virus.
What are symptoms of Rubella? how is it transmitted?
small red spots, rash, fever; respiratory route.
Rubella can pass to an unvaccinated _________, causing serious birth defects.
pregnant woman
What is Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum) caused by?
Parvovirus-B19; can cause abortion in unvaccinated women.
What is Dermatophyte?
a fungal disease in hair, nails, epidermis
What are the two Genuses in ringworm infection?
Microsporum and Trichophyton
Microsporum and Trichophyton are _________.
zoonotic
How is ringworm transmitted?
direct or indirect contact
What medicines are used to treat ringworm?
miconazole , clotrinazole, griseofulvin.
Name 3 subcutaneous mycosis diseases.
- sporotricosis
- candidiasis
- scabies
How is sporotricosis gotten?
from the soil
How is sporotricosis treated?
with Potassium iodide and Amphoterecin-B
What are two things candidiasis can cause?
chronic vaginitis and newborn oral thrush
What medicines can treat candidiasis?
nystatin, miconazole, clotrimazole
What is neomatal gonorrheal opthalmia?
a disease in the eye of newborns caused by the transmission of nisseria gonnorhea from the mother during birth; all babies are given eyedrops at birth to prevent this.
What can Chlamydia trachomatis cause?
scarring of the cornea; blindness
