Chapter 17

Question 1

Define Antibody

Answer 1

the proteinaceous substance made by specialized lymphocytes in response to antigen

Question 2

Define Antigen

Answer 2

Organisms of substances that provoke immune system to produce antibodies or cell mediated immunity

Question 3

What are two examples of naturally acquired immunity?

Answer 3

active immunity and passive immunity

Question 4

What is an example of an artificially acquired immunity?

Answer 4

a vaccine

Question 5

What is an example of a serum protein?

Answer 5

Gamma Globulin

Question 6

What does the humoral immune system produce?

Answer 6

antibodies

Question 7

What is the name for the Y shaped defensive protein?

Answer 7

antibody

Question 8

One peptoglycan can contain more than ___ antigen.

Answer 8

one

Question 9

There are __ different antigenic determinants on one ________.

Answer 9

5, protein

Question 10

What are the 5 Immunoglobulin classes?

Answer 10

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

Question 11

What is the function of IgG?

Answer 11

neutralization of organisms and toxins

Question 12

What is the function of IgD?

Answer 12

regulatory role

Question 13

What is the function of IgE?

Answer 13

monometer (allergic reactions)

Question 14

What is the function of IgA?

Answer 14

protects murosal surface, respiratory, urogenital, intestinal, conjuction

Question 15

What is the function of IgM?

Answer 15

used for diagnosis in aggluntination reactions.

Question 16

The body produces antibodies ____ days after exposure.

Answer 16

4-5

Question 17

What produces all WBC’s?

Answer 17

The mother stem cell.

Question 18

What are some of the T cell dependent antigens?

Answer 18

bacteria, foreign RBC’s, proteins

Question 19

What does agglutination do?

Answer 19

reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with.

Question 20

Differentiate between B and T cells.

Answer 20

B cells are humoral and cell mediated. T cells are made in the thymus.

Question 21

What do T Lymphocytes kill?

Answer 21

abnormal cells that show the flag because they’re abnormal

Question 22

What might elevated Eusinophils indicate?

Answer 22

parasite infection or allergic reaction

Question 23

Define self tolerance.

Answer 23

differentiation between self and nonself.

Question 24

What are the 6 things that antigen-antibody binding and results lead to?

Answer 24

1. Agglutination
2. Opsonization
3. Activation of complement
4. Enhanced inflammation
5. Antibody mediation
6. Neutralization

Question 25

Agglutination

Answer 25

easy phagocytosis and antigen destroyed

Question 26

Opsonization

Answer 26

leads to enhanced phagocytosis and antigen destruction

Question 27

Activation of complement

Answer 27

leads to Cytolysis

Question 28

Enhanced inflammation

Answer 28

antigen destruction

Question 29

Antibody mediated

Answer 29

cell mediated cytotoxicity; destruction of cells and large parasites by non specific immune system.

Question 30

Neutralization

Answer 30

Neutralization of bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and toxins

Question 31

Define Cytolysis

Answer 31

the destruction of a cell

Question 32

What 3 things is the monoclonal antibody used for?

Answer 32

1. Diagnostic use 2. Cancer treatment 3. Recombinant monoclonal

Question 33

What is cell mediated immunity?

Answer 33

immunity resulting from a cell-mediated immune response; cellular immunity

Question 34

What are the 4 types of T cells?

Answer 34

1. Helper (TH) cells 2. Delayed hypersensitivity T (TD) cells 3. Suppressor TR (T3) cells 4. Cytotoxic T (TC) Cells**

Question 35

The Helper (TH) cell helps ___________.

Answer 35

The B Lymphocyte

Question 36

The Delayed hypersensitivity T (TD) cells produce what?

Answer 36

chemical hormones that boost immune system.

Question 37

The Suppressor TR (T3) cells program ____________.

Answer 37

plasma cells to die.

Question 38

What do the Cytotoxic T (TC) cells do?

Answer 38

attach to cells hiding inside and kill them.

Question 39

What is herd immunity?

Answer 39

When they vaccinate 95% of the herd so that if the other 5% gets infected it can't cause all of the herd to be infected.

Question 40

What are the two examples of Toxoid vaccines?

Answer 40

Diphtheria, Tetanus

Question 41

What are examples of inactivated vaccines?

Answer 41

Rabies, polio, influenza, salmonella typhi

Question 42

What are the examples of live (attenuated) vaccines?

Answer 42

yellow fever, measles, mumps, rubella

Question 43

What is an example of a subunit vaccine?

Answer 43

Recombinent DNA, Hep B

Question 44

What are the limitations of the subunit vaccine?

Answer 44

protozoa and parasites, giardia, trypanosomes, AIDS virus

Question 45

What is the conjugated vaccine?

Answer 45

polysaccharide + protein toxins (stronger together)

Question 46

What is the nucleic acid vaccine for?

Answer 46

viruses; highly mutating organisms such as cancer, HIV, influenza