Chapter 17 Flashcards
Define Antibody
the proteinaceous substance made by specialized lymphocytes in response to antigen
Define Antigen
Organisms of substances that provoke immune system to produce antibodies or cell mediated immunity
What are two examples of naturally acquired immunity?
active immunity and passive immunity
What is an example of an artificially acquired immunity?
a vaccine
What is an example of a serum protein?
Gamma Globulin
What does the humoral immune system produce?
antibodies
What is the name for the Y shaped defensive protein?
antibody
One peptoglycan can contain more than ___ antigen.
one
There are __ different antigenic determinants on one ________.
5, protein
What are the 5 Immunoglobulin classes?
IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE
What is the function of IgG?
neutralization of organisms and toxins
What is the function of IgD?
regulatory role
What is the function of IgE?
monometer (allergic reactions)
What is the function of IgA?
protects murosal surface, respiratory, urogenital, intestinal, conjuction
What is the function of IgM?
used for diagnosis in aggluntination reactions.
The body produces antibodies ____ days after exposure.
4-5
What produces all WBC’s?
The mother stem cell.
What are some of the T cell dependent antigens?
bacteria, foreign RBC’s, proteins
What does agglutination do?
reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with.
Differentiate between B and T cells.
B cells are humoral and cell mediated. T cells are made in the thymus.
What do T Lymphocytes kill?
abnormal cells that show the flag because they’re abnormal
What might elevated Eusinophils indicate?
parasite infection or allergic reaction
Define self tolerance.
differentiation between self and nonself.
What are the 6 things that antigen-antibody binding and results lead to?
- Agglutination
- Opsonization
- Activation of complement
- Enhanced inflammation
- Antibody mediation
- Neutralization
Agglutination
easy phagocytosis and antigen destroyed
Opsonization
leads to enhanced phagocytosis and antigen destruction
Activation of complement
leads to Cytolysis
Enhanced inflammation
antigen destruction
Antibody mediated
cell mediated cytotoxicity; destruction of cells and large parasites by non specific immune system.
Neutralization
Neutralization of bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and toxins
Define Cytolysis
the destruction of a cell
What 3 things is the monoclonal antibody used for?
- Diagnostic use
- Cancer treatment
- Recombinant monoclonal
What is cell mediated immunity?
immunity resulting from a cell-mediated immune response; cellular immunity
What are the 4 types of T cells?
- Helper (TH) cells
- Delayed hypersensitivity T (TD) cells
- Suppressor TR (T3) cells
- Cytotoxic T (TC) Cells**
The Helper (TH) cell helps ___________.
The B Lymphocyte
The Delayed hypersensitivity T (TD) cells produce what?
chemical hormones that boost immune system.
The Suppressor TR (T3) cells program ____________.
plasma cells to die.
What do the Cytotoxic T (TC) cells do?
attach to cells hiding inside and kill them.
What is herd immunity?
When they vaccinate 95% of the herd so that if the other 5% gets infected it can’t cause all of the herd to be infected.
What are the two examples of Toxoid vaccines?
Diphtheria, Tetanus
What are examples of inactivated vaccines?
Rabies, polio, influenza, salmonella typhi
What are the examples of live (attenuated) vaccines?
yellow fever, measles, mumps, rubella
What is an example of a subunit vaccine?
Recombinent DNA, Hep B
What are the limitations of the subunit vaccine?
protozoa and parasites, giardia, trypanosomes, AIDS virus
What is the conjugated vaccine?
polysaccharide + protein toxins (stronger together)
What is the nucleic acid vaccine for?
viruses; highly mutating organisms such as cancer, HIV, influenza
