Chapter 24 - Revolution and Change

Question 1

The first phase of the French Revolution (1788-1792) was mainly _______

Answer 1

Reformist, setting up a new constitution, declaring the rights of citizens, and creating elected officials

Question 2

What and when was the Reign of Terror?

Answer 2

This was a violent period during the French Revolution between 1792-1794 where the more radical faction controlling the new government executed tens of thousands of political dissidents including the king, and declared France a republic

Question 3

When was the third phase of the French Revolution and what happened?

Answer 3

Between 1794 and 1799 a more moderate constitution was put in place, opposition and economic hardships continued

Question 4

When did Napoleon become first Consul of the Republic?

Answer 4

1799

Question 5

When did Napoleon proclaim himself emperor?

Answer 5

1804

Question 6

What was the Paris Conservatoire and when was it formed?

Answer 6

This was a musical academy founded by the government in 1795 as part of a new education program designed to make training available to all citizens based on merit rather than class, wealth etc.

Question 7

Birth and death of Beethoven

Answer 7

1770-1827

Question 8

When was Beethoven’s first period?

Answer 8

1770-1802

Question 9

What events and characteristics mark Beethoven”s first period?

Answer 9

During this time he mastered the musical language and technique, as well as found his personal style

Question 10

When was Beethoven’s second period?

Answer 10

1802-1814

Question 11

What events and characteristics mark Beethoven’s second period?

Answer 11

He became extremely popular, and achieved new levels of drama and musical expression

Question 12

When was Beethoven’s third period?

Answer 12

1814-1827

Question 13

What events and characteristics mark Beethoven’s third period?

Answer 13

His music started to become more introspective and difficult to perform and listeners to understand

Question 14

Who were some of Beethoven’s notable teachers?

Answer 14

Haydn, Albrechtsberger (counterpoint,) Salieri

Question 15

When did Beethoven move to Vienna?

Answer 15

1792

Question 16

What are some innovative features of Beethoven’s piano compositions?

Answer 16

Dense chordal textures, large dynamic changes, frequent octaves, and contrasts of style

Question 17

Why is Beethoven”s compositional output so small compared to his predecessors?

Answer 17

This was because he was such a careful and deliberate composer

Question 18

Though Haydn and Mozart used musical gestures to highlight junctures of the form and heighten expression, they did not do what, as opposed to Beethoven?

Answer 18

Use the musical matierial as characters in a drama; a feature of Beethoven’s music that began to come to fruition during his second period

Question 19

Sinfonia Eroica is the name for which of Beethoven’s works?

Answer 19

Symphony no. 3 in Eb Major (1803)

Question 20

How does the length of Sinfonia Eroica compare to previous symphonies?

Answer 20

It was longer than any previous symphony

Question 21

How did Beethoven’s Eroica symphony mark a change in direction for music?

Answer 21

It was harder to understand,and require more thoughtful engaged listeners and thus was aimed more at the connoisseur. Beethoven sacrificed appeal for expression

Question 22

What was Beethoven’s only opera?

Answer 22

Fidelio (1814)

Question 23

When was Beethoven’s fifth symphony written?

Answer 23

1808

Question 24

When was Beethoven’s Pastoral symphony written?

Answer 24

1808

Question 25

Beethoven’s Pastoral symphony is also called_____

Answer 25

Symphony no. 6 in F major

Question 26

Beethoven’s Pastoral symphony has been described as a piece of ________

Answer 26

Character music, describing various natural and country scenes in it’s five movements

Question 27

Beethoven’s late period is marked by what?

Answer 27

High contrast in his music

Question 28

What work by Beethoven brought about the song cycle genre?

Answer 28

His “To the Distant Beloved” op. 98 (1816)

Question 29

What is a song cycle?

Answer 29

A collection of songs that are performed in succession, and tell or suggest a story

Question 30

When was Beethoven’s ninth symphony first performed?

Answer 30

1824

Question 31

The largest category in Beethoven’s output from his first decade in Vienna is______

Answer 31

Piano music