Chapter 24 - Revolution and Change Flashcards
The first phase of the French Revolution (1788-1792) was mainly _______
Reformist, setting up a new constitution, declaring the rights of citizens, and creating elected officials
What and when was the Reign of Terror?
This was a violent period during the French Revolution between 1792-1794 where the more radical faction controlling the new government executed tens of thousands of political dissidents including the king, and declared France a republic
When was the third phase of the French Revolution and what happened?
Between 1794 and 1799 a more moderate constitution was put in place, opposition and economic hardships continued
When did Napoleon become first Consul of the Republic?
1799
When did Napoleon proclaim himself emperor?
1804
What was the Paris Conservatoire and when was it formed?
This was a musical academy founded by the government in 1795 as part of a new education program designed to make training available to all citizens based on merit rather than class, wealth etc.
Birth and death of Beethoven
1770-1827
When was Beethoven’s first period?
1770-1802
What events and characteristics mark Beethoven”s first period?
During this time he mastered the musical language and technique, as well as found his personal style
When was Beethoven’s second period?
1802-1814
What events and characteristics mark Beethoven’s second period?
He became extremely popular, and achieved new levels of drama and musical expression
When was Beethoven’s third period?
1814-1827
What events and characteristics mark Beethoven’s third period?
His music started to become more introspective and difficult to perform and listeners to understand
Who were some of Beethoven’s notable teachers?
Haydn, Albrechtsberger (counterpoint,) Salieri
When did Beethoven move to Vienna?
1792
What are some innovative features of Beethoven’s piano compositions?
Dense chordal textures, large dynamic changes, frequent octaves, and contrasts of style
Why is Beethoven”s compositional output so small compared to his predecessors?
This was because he was such a careful and deliberate composer
Though Haydn and Mozart used musical gestures to highlight junctures of the form and heighten expression, they did not do what, as opposed to Beethoven?
Use the musical matierial as characters in a drama; a feature of Beethoven’s music that began to come to fruition during his second period
Sinfonia Eroica is the name for which of Beethoven’s works?
Symphony no. 3 in Eb Major (1803)
How does the length of Sinfonia Eroica compare to previous symphonies?
It was longer than any previous symphony
How did Beethoven’s Eroica symphony mark a change in direction for music?
It was harder to understand,and require more thoughtful engaged listeners and thus was aimed more at the connoisseur. Beethoven sacrificed appeal for expression
What was Beethoven’s only opera?
Fidelio (1814)
When was Beethoven’s fifth symphony written?
1808
When was Beethoven’s Pastoral symphony written?
1808
Beethoven’s Pastoral symphony is also called_____
Symphony no. 6 in F major
Beethoven’s Pastoral symphony has been described as a piece of ________
Character music, describing various natural and country scenes in it’s five movements
Beethoven’s late period is marked by what?
High contrast in his music
What work by Beethoven brought about the song cycle genre?
His “To the Distant Beloved” op. 98 (1816)
What is a song cycle?
A collection of songs that are performed in succession, and tell or suggest a story
When was Beethoven’s ninth symphony first performed?
1824
The largest category in Beethoven’s output from his first decade in Vienna is______
Piano music
