Chapter 20 - The Enlightenment Flashcards
Galant style valued what?
Galant style valued music that was natural, expressive and immediately appealing to wide audiences
When was the seven years war and who was mainly involved?
France and England, 1756-1763
Key pillars of the Enlightenment
Reason, nature, and progress
The Enlightenment was mainly a ______
Humanitarian movement
What are some beliefs of the Enlightenment?
Belief in universal education, a set of universal human rights, and promoting the welfare of mankind
What group became more influential during the Enlightenment, affecting the arts?
The public, especially the middle class became more influential, and arts and publications were now produced with them in mind
Who were the philosophes?
These were leading thinkers in the enlightenment advocating social reform
Name four the main philosophes
Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot, and Montesquieu
What group valuing Enlightenment principles was founded in London in the 18th century?
The Freemasons
What country was formed on Enlightenment principles?
The United States
What are connoisseurs?
Connoisseurs are informed listeners who cultivate a taste for the best in music
Music that was praised by the public and critics during the Enlightenment has what characteristics?
The public and critics gravitated toward music that was expressive and natural, vocally conceived melodies in short phrases with sparse accompaniment
Where did galant style originate?
Galant style originated in Italian opera and concertos
Descibe galant style features and organization
Galant style features:
- Songful melodies
- Short breathed repeated gestures
- Sparse accompaniment
- Short phrases organized in to 2-4 measures
- Frequent cadences
What are some characteristics of the empfindsam style
This style features striking harmonic turns, nervous rhythms, rhapsodic speech-like melody, and chromaticism
