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History of Western Music > Chapter 23 - Classical Music in the Late 18th Century > Flashcards

Chapter 23 - Classical Music in the Late 18th Century Flashcards

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1
Q

Birth and Death dates of Joseph Haydn

A

1732-1809

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2
Q

Who was Haydn’s patron?

A

The Esterhazy family of Hungary

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3
Q

When did Haydn begin working for the Esterhazy family?

A

1761

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4
Q

What were Haydn’s duties for the Esterhazy family?

A
  • Composed music on demand
  • Trained and supervised musicians
  • Maintained the instruments
  • Conduct performances
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5
Q

What forms of music is Haydn best known for?

A

His symphonies and string quartets

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6
Q

What made Haydn’s situation ideal?

A
  • He had a patron who loved music
  • He had access to an orchestra of trained professionals
  • He was allowed to experiment in isolation away from other influences
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7
Q

Who is known as the “father of the symphony”

A

Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

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8
Q

How did Haydn’s symphonies become influential to other composers?

A

Through their continued performance, variety, high quality, wide dissemination and appeal

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9
Q

What is the standard musical form or the symphony that Haydn used and established?

A
  1. Fast; sonata form; slow introduction usually
  2. Slow movement
  3. Minuet and trio
  4. Fast movement; In rondo or sonata form
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10
Q

What is sonata rondo form?

A

ABACABA; A and B resemble the first and second themes in a sonatas exposition, C is a modulatory development section, and B returns in the tonic

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11
Q

When did Haydn begin to embrace a more popular style?

A

Around 1773

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12
Q

What are considered Haydn’s crowning achievements?

A

His 12 London symphonies

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13
Q

Who is called the “father of the string quartet?”

A

Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)

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14
Q

Haydn’s string quartets are composed with who in mind?

A

Haydn’s string quartets were composed with the performers in mind rather than the audience

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15
Q

Haydn’s string quartets have the character of a _____ between players

A

Haydn’s string quartets have the character of a conversation between players

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16
Q

Although Haydn used the term scherzo or scherzando, as a descriptor for some of his string quartets, what form did the term scherzo later represent?

A

It became a term for a fast movement in minuet and trio form

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17
Q

When did Haydn work for the Esterhazy family?

A

1761-1790

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18
Q

Where did Haydn spend his time after working for the Esterhazy family?

A

He lived in Vienna, including extended trips to London

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19
Q

True or False: Haydn composed German and Italian opera while at Esterhaza

A

This is true, at least six little German operas for marionette and at least 15 Italian operas

20
Q

How were Haydn’s masses typical of south German masses?

A

They were flamboyant, festive, and upbeat

21
Q

What was the distinction at the time between the beautiful and the sublime?

A

Sublime inspires awe and astonishment

Beauty invokes pleasure

22
Q

Who’s works influenced and inspired Haydn’s oratorios?

A

The works of Handel, specifically Messiah

23
Q

What are Haydn’s most famous oratorios and when were they written?

A

The Creation (1798) and The Season (1801)

24
Q

Birth and death dates of Mozart

A

1756-1791

25
Q

Who was Mozart’s father and what was his instrument and position?

A

Leopold Mozart (1719-1787,) violinist at the Salzburg court and deputy kapellmeister in 1763

26
Q

Who was Mozart’s sister?

A

Maria Anna Mozart, aka Nannerl (1751-1829)

27
Q

How did Johann Schobert (1735-1767) influence Mozart?

A

Mozart learned from him the style of keyboard writing that simulates the orchestra, with thick chordal textures and rapid figurations

28
Q

How did Johann Cristoph Bach influence Mozart?

A

Mozart learned from him the incorporation of elements of Italian opera: Songful melodies, harmonic ambiguity, embellishments, and arpeggiaturas

29
Q

Who did Mozart study counterpoint with, and where?

A

Padre Martini in Bologna during one of his three Italian trips between 1769 and 1773

30
Q

Haydn spent every winter in what city?

A

Vienna

31
Q

When did Mozart become aquinted with J. S. Bach, The Art of Fugue, TWTC, and what effect did this have on his writing?

A

in 1782, and Bach’s influence caused him to write in a more contrapuntal texture in his later works

32
Q

Mozart’s music is characterized by what?

A

His more song-like themes and combination of varied styles

33
Q

What are topics?

A

The differing styles in Classic era music

34
Q

Mozart’s op. 10 string quartets absorb the essence of and are dedicated to which composer?

A

Joseph Haydn

35
Q

When was Mozart’s op. 10 string quartets published?

A

1785

36
Q

What is Mozart’s most famous serenade?

A

Eine Kleine Nachtmusik for string quintet

37
Q

Like Haydn, Mozart’s late symphonies became more ______

A

Mozart’s later symphonies were more serious and thoughtful than his earlier symphonies used as curtain openers for shows

38
Q

What singspiel mad Mozart famous in Vienna?

A

His “The Abduction from the Harem” of 1782

39
Q

Who wrote the librettos for Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, and Cosi fan Tutte?

A

Lorenzo Da Ponte (1749-1838)

40
Q

When was The Marriage of Figaro written?

A

1786

41
Q

When was Don Giovanni written?

A

1787

42
Q

When was Con Cosi Tutte written?

A

1790

43
Q

Lorenzo Da Ponte features characters that have greater depth than before scene, and features comic, serious characters as well as mezzo carattere. What are these?

A

Mezzo carattere are characters that occupy a middle ground between the serious and the comic

44
Q

Mozart’s operas are known for what?

A

Their musical characterization and character development/ depth

45
Q

What is considered the first great German opera?

A

Die Zauberflote, a singspiel written by Mozart in 1791

46
Q

When was La Clemenza di Tito written?

A

in 1791, Mozart

47
Q

Appx. how many symphonies did Haydn write?

A

106

History of Western Music (24 decks)

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