Chapter 23 - Classical Music in the Late 18th Century Flashcards
Birth and Death dates of Joseph Haydn
1732-1809
Who was Haydn’s patron?
The Esterhazy family of Hungary
When did Haydn begin working for the Esterhazy family?
1761
What were Haydn’s duties for the Esterhazy family?
- Composed music on demand
- Trained and supervised musicians
- Maintained the instruments
- Conduct performances
What forms of music is Haydn best known for?
His symphonies and string quartets
What made Haydn’s situation ideal?
- He had a patron who loved music
- He had access to an orchestra of trained professionals
- He was allowed to experiment in isolation away from other influences
Who is known as the “father of the symphony”
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
How did Haydn’s symphonies become influential to other composers?
Through their continued performance, variety, high quality, wide dissemination and appeal
What is the standard musical form or the symphony that Haydn used and established?
- Fast; sonata form; slow introduction usually
- Slow movement
- Minuet and trio
- Fast movement; In rondo or sonata form
What is sonata rondo form?
ABACABA; A and B resemble the first and second themes in a sonatas exposition, C is a modulatory development section, and B returns in the tonic
When did Haydn begin to embrace a more popular style?
Around 1773
What are considered Haydn’s crowning achievements?
His 12 London symphonies
Who is called the “father of the string quartet?”
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
Haydn’s string quartets are composed with who in mind?
Haydn’s string quartets were composed with the performers in mind rather than the audience
Haydn’s string quartets have the character of a _____ between players
Haydn’s string quartets have the character of a conversation between players
Although Haydn used the term scherzo or scherzando, as a descriptor for some of his string quartets, what form did the term scherzo later represent?
It became a term for a fast movement in minuet and trio form
When did Haydn work for the Esterhazy family?
1761-1790
Where did Haydn spend his time after working for the Esterhazy family?
He lived in Vienna, including extended trips to London
True or False: Haydn composed German and Italian opera while at Esterhaza
This is true, at least six little German operas for marionette and at least 15 Italian operas
How were Haydn’s masses typical of south German masses?
They were flamboyant, festive, and upbeat
What was the distinction at the time between the beautiful and the sublime?
Sublime inspires awe and astonishment
Beauty invokes pleasure
Who’s works influenced and inspired Haydn’s oratorios?
The works of Handel, specifically Messiah
What are Haydn’s most famous oratorios and when were they written?
The Creation (1798) and The Season (1801)
Birth and death dates of Mozart
1756-1791
Who was Mozart’s father and what was his instrument and position?
Leopold Mozart (1719-1787,) violinist at the Salzburg court and deputy kapellmeister in 1763
Who was Mozart’s sister?
Maria Anna Mozart, aka Nannerl (1751-1829)
How did Johann Schobert (1735-1767) influence Mozart?
Mozart learned from him the style of keyboard writing that simulates the orchestra, with thick chordal textures and rapid figurations
How did Johann Cristoph Bach influence Mozart?
Mozart learned from him the incorporation of elements of Italian opera: Songful melodies, harmonic ambiguity, embellishments, and arpeggiaturas
Who did Mozart study counterpoint with, and where?
Padre Martini in Bologna during one of his three Italian trips between 1769 and 1773
Haydn spent every winter in what city?
Vienna
When did Mozart become aquinted with J. S. Bach, The Art of Fugue, TWTC, and what effect did this have on his writing?
in 1782, and Bach’s influence caused him to write in a more contrapuntal texture in his later works
Mozart’s music is characterized by what?
His more song-like themes and combination of varied styles
What are topics?
The differing styles in Classic era music
Mozart’s op. 10 string quartets absorb the essence of and are dedicated to which composer?
Joseph Haydn
When was Mozart’s op. 10 string quartets published?
1785
What is Mozart’s most famous serenade?
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik for string quintet
Like Haydn, Mozart’s late symphonies became more ______
Mozart’s later symphonies were more serious and thoughtful than his earlier symphonies used as curtain openers for shows
What singspiel mad Mozart famous in Vienna?
His “The Abduction from the Harem” of 1782
Who wrote the librettos for Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro, and Cosi fan Tutte?
Lorenzo Da Ponte (1749-1838)
When was The Marriage of Figaro written?
1786
When was Don Giovanni written?
1787
When was Con Cosi Tutte written?
1790
Lorenzo Da Ponte features characters that have greater depth than before scene, and features comic, serious characters as well as mezzo carattere. What are these?
Mezzo carattere are characters that occupy a middle ground between the serious and the comic
Mozart’s operas are known for what?
Their musical characterization and character development/ depth
What is considered the first great German opera?
Die Zauberflote, a singspiel written by Mozart in 1791
When was La Clemenza di Tito written?
in 1791, Mozart
Appx. how many symphonies did Haydn write?
106
