Chapter 23 - Classical Music in the Late 18th Century Flashcards
Birth and Death dates of Joseph Haydn
1732-1809
Who was Haydn’s patron?
The Esterhazy family of Hungary
When did Haydn begin working for the Esterhazy family?
1761
What were Haydn’s duties for the Esterhazy family?
- Composed music on demand
- Trained and supervised musicians
- Maintained the instruments
- Conduct performances
What forms of music is Haydn best known for?
His symphonies and string quartets
What made Haydn’s situation ideal?
- He had a patron who loved music
- He had access to an orchestra of trained professionals
- He was allowed to experiment in isolation away from other influences
Who is known as the “father of the symphony”
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
How did Haydn’s symphonies become influential to other composers?
Through their continued performance, variety, high quality, wide dissemination and appeal
What is the standard musical form or the symphony that Haydn used and established?
- Fast; sonata form; slow introduction usually
- Slow movement
- Minuet and trio
- Fast movement; In rondo or sonata form
What is sonata rondo form?
ABACABA; A and B resemble the first and second themes in a sonatas exposition, C is a modulatory development section, and B returns in the tonic
When did Haydn begin to embrace a more popular style?
Around 1773
What are considered Haydn’s crowning achievements?
His 12 London symphonies
Who is called the “father of the string quartet?”
Joseph Haydn (1732-1809)
Haydn’s string quartets are composed with who in mind?
Haydn’s string quartets were composed with the performers in mind rather than the audience
Haydn’s string quartets have the character of a _____ between players
Haydn’s string quartets have the character of a conversation between players
Although Haydn used the term scherzo or scherzando, as a descriptor for some of his string quartets, what form did the term scherzo later represent?
It became a term for a fast movement in minuet and trio form
When did Haydn work for the Esterhazy family?
1761-1790
Where did Haydn spend his time after working for the Esterhazy family?
He lived in Vienna, including extended trips to London
True or False: Haydn composed German and Italian opera while at Esterhaza
This is true, at least six little German operas for marionette and at least 15 Italian operas
How were Haydn’s masses typical of south German masses?
They were flamboyant, festive, and upbeat
What was the distinction at the time between the beautiful and the sublime?
Sublime inspires awe and astonishment
Beauty invokes pleasure
Who’s works influenced and inspired Haydn’s oratorios?
The works of Handel, specifically Messiah
What are Haydn’s most famous oratorios and when were they written?
The Creation (1798) and The Season (1801)
Birth and death dates of Mozart
1756-1791
