Chapter 24: Fishes Flashcards

0
Q

Describe the very general characteristics of a modern fish! (3)

A
  • aquatic vertebrate with gills, limbs (if present) in the form of fins, skin covered in scales of dermal origin.
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1
Q

What are the five classes of Fishes?

A
  • Myxini
  • Petromyzontida
  • Chondrichthyes
  • Actinopterygii
  • Sacropterygii
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2
Q

Do fishes form a monophyletic group?

A
  • no they do not

- in evolutionary terms, they can be defined as all vertebrates that are not tetrapods.

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3
Q

Fishes share a common ancestor with what?

A

land vertebrates

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4
Q

They have adapted to live in a medium that is ___ times denser than air.

A
  • 800
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5
Q

They can adjust to the __ and __ balance of their environment.

A
  • salt

- water

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6
Q

Gills are efficient at extracting oxygen from water that has __/__ the oxygen of air

A
  • 1/20
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7
Q

What does their lateral line system detect?

A
  • detects water currents and vibrations, a sense of “distant touch”
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8
Q

How did an evolution in an aquatic environment affect this group?

A
  • it shaped and constrained its evolution
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9
Q

The term “fish(es)” refers to what?

A
  • one or more individuals of one species or to more than one species.
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10
Q

What are the earliest fish like vertebrates categorized as? What does this category contain? EX!

A
  • Agnathans (jawless)
  • Extinct ostracoderms
  • Living Hagfishes- lack vertebrae
  • Lampreys which have rudimentary vertebrae
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11
Q

What is the phylum and subphylum of these classes?

A
  • Chordata

- Vertebrata

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12
Q

Those that do not belong to the category Agnathans belong to what category? Characteristics?

A
  • Gnathostomes

- paired appendages and join tetrapods as a monophyletic lineage of gnathostomes.

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13
Q

Gnathostomes:

  • What fossil record do they belong to?
  • Are there intermediate forms between agnathans and this group?
  • What time period is called the Age of Fishes?
A
  • Silurian
  • no
  • Devonian
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14
Q

Cartilaginous Fishes:

  • Lost ____ and adopted ___.
  • Flourished during the ___ and ___ periods
  • They almost became extinct at what period?
  • They increased in numbers in the early ___ and diversified to form a modern ___ assemblage.
A
  • heavy dermal armour, skeleton of cartilage
  • Devonian, Carboniferous
  • end of the Paleozoic
  • Mesozoic
  • Sharks
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15
Q

Bony Fishes:

- What are the two distinct lineages? Describe them!

A
  • Ray-Finned lineages: radiated to form modern bony fishes

- Lobed- finned fishes: relict group with few species today they include the sister group of the tetrapods.

16
Q

Members of Lampreys and Hagfishes lack what structures?BUT both groups share what?

A
  • jaws, internal ossification, scales or paired fins.

- pore-like gill openings and an eel like body.