Chapter 19: Phylum Arthropoda

Question 1

Arthropodization:

- Soft __ of the arthropod ancestors was stiffened by deposition of ____.

Answer 1

• cuticle

- protein and chitin

Question 2

Arthropodization:

What had to provide flexibility?

Answer 2

• joints

Question 3

Arthropodization:

- What was necessary to allow for growth?

Answer 3

• sequence of moots

Question 4

Arthropodization:

-Molting required what?

Answer 4

-hormonal control

Question 5

Arthropodization:

They hydroskeleton function was ___. Coelom ___ and was replaced by ____.

Answer 5

• lost
• regressed
• open sinuses

Question 6

This phylum contains over / of all known species.

Answer 6

3/4

Question 7

Fossil history dates them back to late ____.

Answer 7

Precambrian

Question 8

They are _____ protostomes with well developed organ systems.

Answer 8

• eucoelomate

Question 9

• They are segmented. Molecular analyses indicate ___ and arthropods evolved from ___ ancestors.

Answer 9

• annelids, different

Question 10

What is the largest organism in this phylum?

The smallest?

Answer 10

• japanese crab

- follicle mite

Question 11

They are the ____ diverse animal group due to abundance and wide ecological distribution.

Answer 11

• most

Question 12

Some organisms in this phylum are agents of ___ and compete with __ for food.

Answer 12

• disease, humans

Question 13

Some are beneficial. All modes of ____occur among arthropods but some are ___.

Answer 13

• food

- herbivorous

Question 14

Division into subphyla is based on relationships between ___.

Answer 14

subgroups

Question 15

Groupings among subphyla is based on ___ data.

Answer 15

molecular

Question 16

Insects belong to what subphylum?

Answer 16

• Hexapoda

Question 17

Spiders, ticks, horseshoe crabs and their relatives belong to what subphylum?

Answer 17

• Chelicerata

Question 18

Lobsters, crabs, barnacles and others form what subphylum?

Answer 18

• Crustacea

Question 19

Appendages may be under what two classifications?

Answer 19

• Uniramous

- Biramous

Question 20

Describe what a uniramous limb is?

Answer 20

comprises a single series of segments attached end to end.

Question 21

Describe what a Biramous limb is?

Answer 21

• branches into two, and each branch consists of series of segments attached end to end.

Question 22

List the 6 Great Diversity and Abundance of Arthropods.

Answer 22

1. versatile exoskeleton
2. segmentation and appendages for efficient locomotion
3. air piped directly to cells
4. highly developed sensory organs
5. complex behaviour patterns
6. use of diverse resources through metamorphosis

Question 23

Great Diversity and Abundance of Arthropods:

1. Versatile exoskeleton:
   - ____ is highly protective and jointed, providing mobility.
   - It consists of an inner thick ___ and an outer thin ____.
   - The procuticle has an ___ secreted before a moot and an ____ secreted after molting.
   - Both layers of procuticle contain __ bound with __.
   - The procuticle is ___,____ and protects against ___.
   - __ content varies from 40% in insects and max 80% procuticle in crustaceans.
   - ____ salts are responsible for hardness of procuticle of lobsters and crabs.
   - Cuticle is __ between segments, allowing for movement at the__.
   - What is Ecydsis or molting ?
   - Arthropods typically moot how many times? What is a limit to ultimate body size?

Answer 23

• cuticle
• procuticle, epicuticle
• exocuticle, endocuticle
• chitin, protein
• lightweight, flexible, dehydration
• Chitin
• calcium
• thin, joints
• process of shedding outer covering and growing a new larger one
• weight

Question 24

2) Segmentation and Appendages for Efficient Locomotion :
- Many ___ may be fused or combined into specialized groups called ___.
- Appendages are often highly specialized for what?
- Limb segments are ____ with internal ___.
- Appendages may function in ___, ___, __ or ___.

Answer 24

• somites, tagmata
• division of labour
• hollow levers, striated muscles
• sensing, food handling, walking or swimming.

Question 25

3) Air piped Directly to Cells
- Terrestrial Arthropods:
L> Use an efficient ___ system for oxygen transport
- Aquatic arthropods:
L> respire via various forms of??

Answer 25

L> tracheal

L> gills

Question 26

4) Highly developed sensory organs:
- Eyes vary from ___ light sensitive ocelli to a compound ____.
- Other sensory structures are for __, ___,___,___ and ____.

Answer 26

• simple, mosaic eye

- touch, smell, hearing, balancing, chemical reception

Question 27

5) Complex Behaviour Patterns:
- Arthropods surpass most other invertebrates in ____ and ___ activities.
- Most behaviour is ___ but some is___.

Answer 27

• complex, organized

- innate, learned

Question 28

6) Use of Diverse Resources through Metamorphosis:
- Many arthropods undergo metamorphic changes leading to different ___ and ___ stages;
- Larvae and adults ___on different ___and ___ different ___ avoiding competition.

Answer 28

• larval, adult

- feed, organisms, occupy, habitats

Question 29

What are the three Subphylum’s of Phylum Arthropoda?

Answer 29

• Chelicerata
• Crustacea
• Hexapoda

Question 30

What does Subphylum Chelicerata break down into?

Answer 30

• Merostomata (ex: horseshoe crab)

- Arachnida (ex: spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites)

Question 31

What does Subphylum Crustacea break down into?

Answer 31

-Malacostraca ( ex: lobsters, crabs, shrimp)

Question 32

What are subphylum Hexapoda’s orders? (9)

Answer 32

1. Orthroptera
2. Ephemerida
3. Odonata
4. Homoptera
5. Hemiptera
6. Coleoptera
7. Lepidoptera
8. Diptera
9. Hymenoptera