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Zoology > Chapter 17: Annelids, Class- Polychaeta > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Annelids, Class- Polychaeta Flashcards

1
Q

This is the ____ class in the phylum annelida

A

largest

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2
Q

Mostly live in what habitat?

A

marine

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3
Q

There is ____ in only some of the somites.

A

differentiated

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4
Q

There is more specialization of sensory organs than in the class ____.

A

clitellates

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5
Q

They can tolerate a wide range of what?

A

salinity

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6
Q

Freshwater polychaetes tend to live in ___ regions

A

warmer

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7
Q

They inhabit what ? (3)

A
  • crevices, tubes, or are pelagic
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8
Q

They have a well differentiated ___ with ___ organs.

A

head, sense

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9
Q

They have paired appendages called ___ on most segments.

A
  • parapodia

- many setae are bundled on these

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10
Q

Do they have a clitellum or not?

A

not

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11
Q

Errant polychaetes travel via ? (3)

A

free moving, burrowing or crawling

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12
Q

Prostomium:

  • may or may not be___?
  • Often bears what three things?
  • It surrounds the ___ and may have what three things?
A
  • retractile
  • eyes, tentacles and sensory palps
  • mouth, setae, palps, or chitinous jaws
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13
Q

Ciliary feeders may bear a _____ that opens like a fan but can be withdrawn into the tube.

A

tentacular crown

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14
Q

Most segments of trunk bear _____ with lobes, cirri, setae and other parts.

A

parapodia

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15
Q

Parapodia explain it !

A

aid crawling, swimming and anchor worm in a tube

- usually the chief respiratory organ although the worm may also possess gills ( Amphritite and arenicola)

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16
Q

Nutrition:

- Polychaetes have what three things that aid in digestion etc?

A
  • foregut, midgut and hindgut
17
Q

Nutrition:

Foregut?

A
  • has a stomodeum, pharynx, anterior esophagus lined with cuticle
18
Q

Nutrition:

Midgut?

A
  • derived from the mesoderm secretes enzymes and leads to anus on the pygidium
19
Q

Nutrition:

Short hindgut ?

A
  • derived from the ectoderm and leads to anus on pygidium
20
Q

Errant polychaetes are what kind of food acquirers?

A
  • predators or scavengers
21
Q

sedentary polychaetes feed on what?

A

suspended particles or particles in sediment

22
Q

For respiration most have a ___ and ___ for gaseous exchange while others use the ___.

A
  • parapodia , gills, body surface
23
Q

Circulation varies:

In Nereis a ____ carries blood forward and a ___ carries blood posteriorly.

A

dorsal blood vessel
ventral blood vessel
- blood flows across between these major vessels in networks around the parapodia and intestine

24
Q

Circulation:

In some, ___ are incomplete and _____ serves circulatory function.

A
  • septa

- coelomic fluid

25
Q

Many polychaetes have respiratory pigments. Which can be what? (3)

A
  • Hemoglobin, chlorocruorin or hemerythrin
26
Q

Excretion:

  • The organs vary from ___ to ____ and some mixed forms
  • There is ___ per metamere
  • The inner end also called a _____ opens into the coelomic cavity
  • Coelomic fluid enters the ___
  • Selective reabsorption occurs along what?
A
  • protonephridia, metanephridia
  • one pair
  • nephrostome
  • nephrostome
  • nephridial duct
27
Q

Reproduction and development ?

  • Do they have permanent sex organs?
  • Monoecious or Dioecious?
  • Gonads appear as what?
  • Gametes are shed into coelom and exit by____, ____, or ____.
  • Fertilization is ___ and the early larva is a ___.
A
  • no
  • monoecious
  • temporary swellings of peritoneum
  • gonoducts, metanephridia or rupturing of the body
  • external, trochophore
28
Q

What are epitokes? Atoke?

A
  • packed with gametes and detach then rise to surface and release gametes.
  • normal portion of the annelid
29
Q

Instead of transforming a portion of body into epitoke some will ?

A
  • bud off complete worms that become epitokes
30
Q

What are some representatives of the class Polychaeta ? (5)

A
  • Clam worms (Nereis), fire worms, tube worms, fan worms, parchment worms
31
Q

Clam worms (Nereis) :

  • they are ___ polychaetes
  • They live in mucus lined burrows near ___
  • Prostomium bears what? (3)
  • Peristomium has what? (3)
A
  • errant
  • low tide level
  • a pair of palps sensitive to touch and taste, a pair of short sensory tentacles and two small dorsal eyes sensitive to light
  • ventral mouth, pair of jaws, four pairs of sensory tentacles
32
Q 
Clam worms (Nereis) continued: 
*Parapodia 
L> contains two lobes what are they?
L>acicula are?
L>What assits respiration?
L>Movement via? (2)
L>What kind of muscles are in each somite?
L>What movements provide free swimming and burrow pumping actions ?
A
  • dorsal notopodium and ventral neuropodium
  • one or more chitinous spines that support each lobe
  • abundant blood vessels
  • oblique
  • undulatory
33
Q

What do clam worms feed on?

Food is moved through alimentary canal via?

A

small animals, other worms and larval forms

peristalsis

34
Q

Fireworms:
Poisonous secretions are found where?
what do they feed on?

A
  • hollow, brittle setae

- cnidarians

35
Q

Tubeworms:

  • They dwell in?
  • many line their burrows with what?
  • They use what to obtain food? (2)
  • They live in very __ habitats
A
  • tubes
  • mucus
  • cilia or mucus
  • extreme , deep open vents
36
Q

Fanworms:

- have what to aid in feeding?

A
  • unfurl tentacular crowns
37
Q

Parchment worms:

  • Lives in a ?
  • What do their modified segments do?
A
  • U-shaped tube

- pump water through tube ( extracting food)

Zoology (55 decks)

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