Chapter 22: Darwin

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

descent with modification

Question 2

Linnaeus

Answer 2

developed binomial names. classified based off physical patterns

Question 3

fossils

Answer 3

remains/traces from past organisms

Question 4

strata

Answer 4

layers of rock/sediment

Question 5

paleontology

Answer 5

study of fossils

Question 6

catasrophism

Answer 6

events in the past occurred suddenly and caused by mechanisms different from those in the present

Question 7

Georges Cuvier

Answer 7

advocated catastrophism. said extinctions were common, opposed evolution

Question 8

uniformitarianism

Answer 8

mechanisms of change are constant over time

Question 9

James Hutton

Answer 9

Earth’s geological features caused by gradual mechanisms still occurring today

Question 10

Charles Lyell

Answer 10

developed uniformitarianism

Question 11

Lamarck

Answer 11

use and disuse. inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 12

adaptations

Answer 12

inherited characteristics that improve survival and reproduction

Question 13

natural selection

Answer 13

individuals with certain inherited traits survive longer and reproduce more because of those traits

Question 14

artificial selection

Answer 14

selecting and breeding individuals with desired traits

Question 15

MRSA

Answer 15

methicillin-resistant S. aureus

Question 16

homology

Answer 16

similarity resulting from common ancestry

Question 17

homologous structures

Answer 17

variations of a structure from common ancestor

Question 18

vestigial structures

Answer 18

remnants of structure from ancestor

Question 19

convergent evolution

Answer 19

independent evolution of similar features in different lineages

Question 20

analogous strucutre

Answer 20

structures evolved independently based on environment (not common ancestor)

Question 21

endemic

Answer 21

found nowhere else in the world