Chapter 21 Spatial Behavior

Question 1

_____ memory is the name given to the ability to move through space from one place to another.

a. Cartographic
b. Topographic
c. Magellanic
d. Navigational

Answer 1

b. Topographic

Question 2

The form of topographic disorientation in which individuals cannot use prominent environmental features for orientation is called __________.

a. topographic amnesia
b. landmark agnosia
c. egocentric disorientation
d. none of the above

Answer 2

b. landmark agnosia

Question 3

Match the spatial ability in each question with the brain region responsible for the ability:
heading orientation

Answer 3

posterior cingulate

Question 4

Match the spatial ability in each question with the brain region responsible for the ability:
anterograde disorientation

Answer 4

parahippocampal gyrus

Question 5

Match the spatial ability in each question with the brain region responsible for the ability:
egocentric disorientationM

Answer 5

posterior parietal cortex

Question 6

Match the spatial ability in each question with the brain region responsible for the ability:
spatial mapping

Answer 6

hippocampus

Question 7

According to Maguire’s research with London cab drivers, we store cognitive maps of our environment in the __________.

a. right prefrontal cortex
b. fornix
c. extrastriate cortex
d. right posterior hippocampus

Answer 7

d. right posterior hippocampus

Question 8

The work done by O’Keefe and Nadel on food caching in birds demonstrates that

a. birds with fronal lobe lesions show no difficulty in finding the seeds that they have cached.
b. African and Asian birds are more likely to use dead reckoning to find their cache sites.
c. birds who cache seeds have a larger hippocampus.
d. testosterone is crucial to producing birdsong and also to remembering cache sites.

Answer 8

. c. birds who cache seeds have a larger hippocampus.

Question 9

Self-movement cues are apparently used by animals when they are using __________ to guide their movements.

a. dead reckoning
b. landmarks
c. odors
d. all of the above

Answer 9

a. dead reckoning

Question 10

Which is NOT a type of cell discovered in the hippocampus and thought to play a role in spatial behavior?

a. complex
b. grid
c. head direction
d. place

Answer 10

a. complex

Question 11

Which is NOT a brain region where place cells have been found to exist?

a. entorhinal cortex
b. dentate gyrus
c. subiculum
d. hippocampus

Answer 11

b. dentate gyrus

Question 12

A relative inability to shift visual attention is characteristic of __________ syndrome, and usually involves damage to the __________ lobe.

a. Zangwill’s, parietal
b. Balint’s, temporal
c. Balint’s, parietal
d. Holmes’s, frontal

Answer 12

c. Balint’s, parietal

Question 13

Goldman-Rakic and coworkers found that there is a spatial impairment in the visual detection deficits observed in monkeys with __________ lobe lesions.

a. parietal
b. frontal
c. temporal
d. occipital

Answer 13

b. frontal

Question 14

Research by Maguire and others suggests that females are more likely to use __________ in navigation than are males.

a. common sense
b. landmarks
c. dead reckoning
d. compasses

Answer 14

b. landmarks

Question 15

The hypothesis stating that gender differences in spatial abilities are due to hormonal changes during puberty is supported by research done with individuals with which chromosomal abnormality?

a. Down syndrome
b. Klinefelter’s syndrome
c. XYY syndrome
d. Turner’s syndrome

Answer 15

d. Turner’s syndrome

Question 16

TURNER’S SYNDROME

Answer 16

genetic condition in which a female has only a single X chromosome; women w/ Turner’s have severe spatial deficits

Question 17

SELF-MOVEMENT CUES

Answer 17

cues derived from an animal’s own movements

Question 18

DEPTH PERCEPTION

Answer 18

ability to perceive 3D in visual stimuli

Question 19

VISUAL LOCALIZATION

Answer 19

identification of a place in visual space

Question 20

HEAD-DIRECTION CELL

Answer 20

neuron in the hippocampus that discharges when an animal faces in a particular direction

Question 21

DEAD RECKONING

Answer 21

ability to monitor one’s movement by using cues generated by the movement

Question 22

GRID CELL

Answer 22

type of neuron in the limbic system (entorhinal cortex) that fires at regularly spaced nodes that seem to divide the environment into a grid

Question 23

PLACE CELLS

Answer 23

cells that are maximally responsive to specific locations in the world

Question 24

SPATIAL LEARNING

Answer 24

learning spatial info such as the location of a goal object

Question 25

ANTEROGRADE DISORIENTATION

Answer 25

impairment in spatial orientation that persists after a brain injury

Question 26

LANDMARK AGNOSIA

Answer 26

loss of the ability to know one’s location, or guide one’s movement, in relation to a building or landmark that was once familiar

Question 27

HEADING DISORIENTATION

Answer 27

inability to move or guide one’s movements in a direction appropriate to the perceived cues

Question 28

EGOCENTRIC DISORIENTATION

Answer 28

difficulty in determining one’s location in space

Question 29

TOPOGRAPHIC AMNESIA

Answer 29

inability to remember the location of things or places; difficulty in REMEMBERING one’s way in one’s environment

Question 30

TOPOGRAPHIC AGNOSIA

Answer 30

loss of knowledge about the organization of the space; e.g., failure to RECOGNIZE one’s own neighborhood

Question 31

TOPOGRAPHIC DISORIENTATION

Answer 31

confusion regarding one’s location in space; likely due to topographic agnosia or amnesia

Question 32

COGNITIVE MAP

Answer 32

hypothetical map of some cognitive process such as spatial localization

Question 33

TOPOGRAPHIC MEMORY

Answer 33

memory for the organization of the world