Chapter 21 Spatial Behavior Flashcards
_____ memory is the name given to the ability to move through space from one place to another.
a. Cartographic
b. Topographic
c. Magellanic
d. Navigational
b. Topographic
The form of topographic disorientation in which individuals cannot use prominent environmental features for orientation is called __________.
a. topographic amnesia
b. landmark agnosia
c. egocentric disorientation
d. none of the above
b. landmark agnosia
Match the spatial ability in each question with the brain region responsible for the ability:
heading orientation
posterior cingulate
Match the spatial ability in each question with the brain region responsible for the ability:
anterograde disorientation
parahippocampal gyrus
Match the spatial ability in each question with the brain region responsible for the ability:
egocentric disorientationM
posterior parietal cortex
Match the spatial ability in each question with the brain region responsible for the ability:
spatial mapping
hippocampus
According to Maguire’s research with London cab drivers, we store cognitive maps of our environment in the __________.
a. right prefrontal cortex
b. fornix
c. extrastriate cortex
d. right posterior hippocampus
d. right posterior hippocampus
The work done by O’Keefe and Nadel on food caching in birds demonstrates that
a. birds with fronal lobe lesions show no difficulty in finding the seeds that they have cached.
b. African and Asian birds are more likely to use dead reckoning to find their cache sites.
c. birds who cache seeds have a larger hippocampus.
d. testosterone is crucial to producing birdsong and also to remembering cache sites.
. c. birds who cache seeds have a larger hippocampus.
Self-movement cues are apparently used by animals when they are using __________ to guide their movements.
a. dead reckoning
b. landmarks
c. odors
d. all of the above
a. dead reckoning
Which is NOT a type of cell discovered in the hippocampus and thought to play a role in spatial behavior?
a. complex
b. grid
c. head direction
d. place
a. complex
Which is NOT a brain region where place cells have been found to exist?
a. entorhinal cortex
b. dentate gyrus
c. subiculum
d. hippocampus
b. dentate gyrus
A relative inability to shift visual attention is characteristic of __________ syndrome, and usually involves damage to the __________ lobe.
a. Zangwill’s, parietal
b. Balint’s, temporal
c. Balint’s, parietal
d. Holmes’s, frontal
c. Balint’s, parietal
Goldman-Rakic and coworkers found that there is a spatial impairment in the visual detection deficits observed in monkeys with __________ lobe lesions.
a. parietal
b. frontal
c. temporal
d. occipital
b. frontal
Research by Maguire and others suggests that females are more likely to use __________ in navigation than are males.
a. common sense
b. landmarks
c. dead reckoning
d. compasses
b. landmarks
The hypothesis stating that gender differences in spatial abilities are due to hormonal changes during puberty is supported by research done with individuals with which chromosomal abnormality?
a. Down syndrome
b. Klinefelter’s syndrome
c. XYY syndrome
d. Turner’s syndrome
d. Turner’s syndrome
TURNER’S SYNDROME
genetic condition in which a female has only a single X chromosome; women w/ Turner’s have severe spatial deficits
SELF-MOVEMENT CUES
cues derived from an animal’s own movements
DEPTH PERCEPTION
ability to perceive 3D in visual stimuli
VISUAL LOCALIZATION
identification of a place in visual space
HEAD-DIRECTION CELL
neuron in the hippocampus that discharges when an animal faces in a particular direction
DEAD RECKONING
ability to monitor one’s movement by using cues generated by the movement
GRID CELL
type of neuron in the limbic system (entorhinal cortex) that fires at regularly spaced nodes that seem to divide the environment into a grid
PLACE CELLS
cells that are maximally responsive to specific locations in the world
SPATIAL LEARNING
learning spatial info such as the location of a goal object
ANTEROGRADE DISORIENTATION
impairment in spatial orientation that persists after a brain injury
LANDMARK AGNOSIA
loss of the ability to know one’s location, or guide one’s movement, in relation to a building or landmark that was once familiar
HEADING DISORIENTATION
inability to move or guide one’s movements in a direction appropriate to the perceived cues
EGOCENTRIC DISORIENTATION
difficulty in determining one’s location in space
TOPOGRAPHIC AMNESIA
inability to remember the location of things or places; difficulty in REMEMBERING one’s way in one’s environment
TOPOGRAPHIC AGNOSIA
loss of knowledge about the organization of the space; e.g., failure to RECOGNIZE one’s own neighborhood
TOPOGRAPHIC DISORIENTATION
confusion regarding one’s location in space; likely due to topographic agnosia or amnesia
COGNITIVE MAP
hypothetical map of some cognitive process such as spatial localization
TOPOGRAPHIC MEMORY
memory for the organization of the world
