Chapter 18 Memory Flashcards
The first evidence that the temporal lobes had a role in memory was provided by __________.
a. Ebbinghaus
b. Lashley
c. Bekhterev
d. Scoville
c. Bekhterev
Which question would be most difficult for H.M. to answer correctly?
a. What was your mother’s maiden name?
b. How many days are there in three weeks?
c. Did you have any visitors the day before yesterday?
d. H.M. would find all of these questions difficult.
c. Did you have any visitors the day before yesterday?
H.M.’s performance on the mirror-drawing task demonstrates his ability to display __________.
a. implicit memory formation
b. anterograde amnesia
c. logical reasoning
d. priming
a. implicit memory formation
Nadel and Moscovitch’s multiple-trace theory contends that there are three types of memory. Which type of memory is NOT included in their theory?
a. procedural
b. general semantic
c. autobiographical
d. factual semantic
a. procedural
According to the theories presented (consolidation theory, multiple-trace theory, reconsolidation theory), which is NOT a variable in retrograde amnesia?
a. hemispheric specialization
b. the number of times a memory is used
c. memory storage
d. the type of memory
a. hemispheric specialization
Which is NOT a part of explicit memory functioning?
a. semantic memory
b. bottom-up processing
c. intentional remembering
d. episodic memory
b. bottom-up processing
The patient known as H.M. shows memory performance equal to that of normal control subjects in memory studies that include which manipulation?
a. visual search
b. spatial learning
c. mood congruence
d. priming
d. priming
Which is a good way to test for implicit priming of memory?
a. the mirror-drawing task
b. the Gollin test
c. analogies
d. all of the above
b. the Gollin test
According to Tulving, autonoetic awareness-which is compromised with some types of frontal lobe damage-is best described as consciousness of
a. one’s own spatial location.
b. the functioning of one’s sympathetic nervous system.
c. oneself as a continuous entity through time.
d. each of the distinct sensory experiences that are part of somatosensation.
c. oneself as a continuous entity through time.
Both Ammon’s horn and the dentate gyrus are components of which brain structure that is crucial to learning and memory?
a. the amygdala
b. the hypothalamus
c. the cerebellum
d. the hippocampus
d. the hippocampus
According to Petri and Mishkin, the __________ is NOT part of the proposed implicit memory system.
a. ventral thalamus
b. premotor cortex
c. hippocampus
d. basal ganglia
c. hippocampus
The __________ connects the hippocampus with the posterior neocortex.
a. perforant pathway
b. fimbria-fornix
c. hippocampal commissure
d. stria terminalis
a. perforant pathway
__________ is least affected by right temporal lobe damage.
a. Face recognition
b. Spatial position
c. Recall of consonant trigrams
d. Maze learning
c. Recall of consonant trigrams
“HERA” stands for __________.
a. high emotional retrograde amnesia
b. hippocampal-entorhinal retrograde amnesia
c. hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry
d. hologram encoding retrieval assessment
c. hemispheric encoding and retrieval asymmetry
Evidence from Korsakoff’s patients suggests that the __________ is/are involved in global amnesia.
a. frontal lobes
b. medial thalamus
c. basal cholinergic system
d. perirhinal cortex
b. medial thalamus
DEPTH-OF-PROCESSING EFFECT
giving thought to a meaning or shape of an object improves subsequent recall
PRIMING
experimental technique by which a stimulus is used to sensitize the nervous system to a later presentation of the same or similar stimulus
EMOTIONAL MEMORY
memory that is arousing, vivid, and available upon prompting
IMPLICIT MEMORY
memory in which subjects can demonstrate knowledge but cannot explicitly retrieve the knowledge
EXPLICIT MEMORY
memory in which subjects can retrieve an item and indicate that they know the item
RECONSOLIDATED MEMORY
memory that reenters a labile phase when recalled and is then restored as a new memory
RECONSOLIDATED THEORY
proposes that memories rarely consist of a single trace or neural substrate
MULTIPLE-TRACE THEORY
postulates (1) multiple kinds of amnesia and (2) changes in memory with passage of time
CONSOLIDATION THEORY
states that the role of the hippocampus is to consolidate new memories, making them permanent
TIME-DEPENDENT RETROGRADE AMNESIA
severity of injury determines how far back in time the amnesia extends
TIME-DEPENDENT AMNESIA
amnesia that lasts for a brief period
RETROGRADE AMNESIA
inability to remember events that took pace before onset of amnesia
ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA
inability to remember events after a brain disturbance (injury, shock, disease)
TRANSIENT GLOBAL AMNESIA
short-lived, characterized by memory loss; may result from transient ischemia episodes
FUGUE STATE
transient disturbance of consciousness in which a person performs purposeful acts but has no recollection of those actions
INFANTILE AMNESIA
inability to remember events from infancy or early childhood
AMNESIA
partial or total memory loss
SYNESTHESIA
ability to perceive a stimulus of one sense as a sensation of a different sense, e.g., when sound produces a sensation of color
ASPERGER’S SYNDROME
person has good verbal communication but unusual difficulty with social communication; called high-functioning autism
WORKING MEMORY
short-term memory; memory for info just received, necessary for “on line” performance of a task
SHORT-TERM MEMORY
form of memory postulated by Broadbent in which info is stored for no more than 15 minutes
CLASSICAL (PAVLOVIAN) CONDITIONING
unconscious learning in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that evokes behavior
HUNTINGTON’S CHOREA
hereditary disease characterized by chorea (involuntary, jerky movements) and progressive dementia, ending in death
CONFABULATION
recitation of imaginary experiences to fill gaps in memory
FIMBRIA-FORNIX
anatomical pathway from septal region to hippocampus
PERFORANT PATHWAY
large anatomical pathway connecting entorhinal and subiculum with hippocampal formation
GRANULE CELLS
round neurons (vs. pyramidal cells)
DENTATE GYRUS
a region of hippocampal formation
AMMON’S HORN
part of hippocampus
SEMANTIC MEMORY
memory of world knowledge stored independently of the time and space it was acquired
UNCINATE FASCICULUS
fiber tract connecting temporal and frontal cortex; a hooked or curved tract
EPISODIC MEMORY
autobiographic memory, of events that took place in a specifiable time and place
STUDY-TEST MODALITY SHIFT
poorer performance when presented with info in one modality and tested in another (vs. in being instructed and tested in same modality)
