Chapter 21

Question 1

In an organisation what does motivation refer to?

Answer 1

the willingness of individuals to perform certain tasks or actions

Question 2

What are the 2 motivation theories?

Answer 2

Content and process

Question 3

What is the content theory?

Answer 3

Assume that everyone responds to motivating factors in teh same way and that there is one best way to motivate everybody

Question 4

What is the process theory?

Answer 4

change the emphasis from needs to the goals and processes by which workers are motivated

Question 5

In relation to the content theory what are Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 5

Self fulfilment
Ego/Esteem
Social/belonging
Safety/ Security
Basic/Physiological

Question 6

What are the criticisms of Maslow’s hierarchy?

Answer 6

Individuals have different needs and may not necessarily reach them in the same order as each other
Individuals may seek to satisfy several needs at the same time
Not all needs are, or can be, satisfied through work

Question 7

What are Herzberg’s two-factor theory?

Answer 7

Hygiene factors and motivators

Question 8

What was Herzberg’s 3 suggested types of job design?

Answer 8

Job enrichment (vertical job enlargement) - working closely with manager
Job enlargement (horizontal hob enlargement) - working together with other departments
Job rotation - rotation of staff between jobs

Question 9

What are McGregor’s 2 theory’s?

Answer 9

Theory X - people dislike work and responsibility and will avoid both, need to be coerced (paid)
Theory Y - employees enjoy their work, they are self motivated and willing to work hard to meet both personal and organisational goals

Question 10

What is Vroom’s expectancy theory?

Answer 10

Vroom believed that people will be motivated to do tasks if they are confident that the tasks will help reach their goal

Question 11

Vroom’s expectancy theory? (force = valence x expectancy)

Answer 11

Force = the strength of a persons motivation
Valence = the strength of an individual's preference for an outcome
Expectancy = the probability of success

Question 12

What is a reward?

Answer 12

something given to an individual or group, in recognition of their services, efforts or achievements

Question 13

What are intrinsic rewards?

Answer 13

arise from the performance of the job itself. feeling of satisfaction that comes from doing job well