CHAPTER 20 Fungi notes Flashcards
What were fungi originally classified as? Why?
Plants; Because they grow in ANCHORED soil and have cell walls
Fungi are ______ and widespread
Diverse
Why are fungi essential for the well-being of most terrestrial ecosystems?
Because they:
- Break down organic material
- Recycle nutrients
How many species of fungi are there?
100,000 +
Most fungi are _________ and share a common mode of nutrition
Multicellular
Are fungi mostly Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic
Heterotrophic
As well as being heterotrophic, fungi are…..
Saprotrophic (they eat dead things)
How do fungi absorb nutrients
1: Cells release digestive enzymes into the fungi’s food source
2: The cells absorb the resultant nutrient molecules
True or False: Some fungi are parasitic
True
True or False: All fungi are non-flagellated
False; MOST are non-flagellated (NOT ALL)
True or False: Several fungi have mutualistic relationships
True
What is a mutualistic (also known as symbiotic) relationship?
A relationship where both organisms benefit from the relationship
What do plants, animals, and fungi trace their ancestry to?
PROTISTS
When did fungi evolve?
1.5 billion years ago
Molecular data tells that _____ and fungi shared a common ancestor ______ plants evolved
Animals; after
True or False: Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is related to plants
True
What were the most likely to be commo ancestor of fungi?
Flagellated Unicellular Protists
Is the BODY of fungi mostly unicellular or multicellular
Multicellular
True or False: Yeast’s are multicellular
False; They are actually unicellular
What does a mycelium consist of
A vast network of thread-like hyphae (like filaments)
What does the mycelium give the fungi?
A large surface area per unit volume
What do SEPTATE FUNGI have that makes them different
They have hyphae that contain cross walls called SEPTA
What are SEPTA
(Hyphae containing) Cross walls
True or False: Non-septate fungi are multinucleated
True
True or False: Hyphae grow from the cap
False; They grow from the tip
What are the cell walls of hyphae made up of
Chitin (Which is what hard shelled animals shells are made up of)
In fungi, what is the excess food stored as?
Glycogen
How are spores produced by fungi?
- Fungi gets nutrients from eating food
- As the food source is depleted , different mating types of hypha may reach each other and produce a sporangium
- Meiosis will take place here, producing and protecting spores
What are the advantages of spores (3)
- They are easy and light weight making them easily dispersible
- There is a protection from drying out
- Huge numbers of spores are produced at a time (billions to trillions)
Sexual reproduction of spores involves what three stages? (3)
- Haploid= Hyphae
- Dikaryotic= Stage
- Diploid= Zygote
True or False: In the process of preproducing spores, both sexual and asexual reproduction take place
True
True or False: Asexual reproduction can occur in some fungi like yeast (Budding)
True
What does fragmentation do for a hyphae?
If a hyphae is cut, then fragmentation allows for it to regenerate into a new fungus which will grow a new mycelium
What are hyphae that contain paired haploid nuclei said to be?
Dikaryotic (it can remain this way for a while)
When will two different hyphae fuse?
During sexual reproduction (hyphae from two different mating types fuse)
What does nuclear fusion produce?
Diploid nuclei
What do diploid nuclei produce?
Zygotes
What does a zygote produce
Zygospore
After meiosis, what does a zygospore produce
Haploid spores that will be carried away by the wind
