CHAPTER 20 Fungi notes

Question 1

What were fungi originally classified as? Why?

Answer 1

Plants; Because they grow in ANCHORED soil and have cell walls

Question 2

Fungi are ______ and widespread

Answer 2

Diverse

Question 3

Why are fungi essential for the well-being of most terrestrial ecosystems?

Answer 3

Because they:
- Break down organic material
- Recycle nutrients

Question 4

How many species of fungi are there?

Answer 4

100,000 +

Question 5

Most fungi are _________ and share a common mode of nutrition

Answer 5

Multicellular

Question 6

Are fungi mostly Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

Answer 6

Eukaryotic

Question 7

Are fungi heterotrophic or autotrophic

Answer 7

Heterotrophic

Question 8

As well as being heterotrophic, fungi are…..

Answer 8

Saprotrophic (they eat dead things)

Question 9

How do fungi absorb nutrients

Answer 9

1: Cells release digestive enzymes into the fungi’s food source
2: The cells absorb the resultant nutrient molecules

Question 10

True or False: Some fungi are parasitic

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False: All fungi are non-flagellated

Answer 11

False; MOST are non-flagellated (NOT ALL)

Question 12

True or False: Several fungi have mutualistic relationships

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is a mutualistic (also known as symbiotic) relationship?

Answer 13

A relationship where both organisms benefit from the relationship

Question 14

What do plants, animals, and fungi trace their ancestry to?

Answer 14

PROTISTS

Question 15

When did fungi evolve?

Answer 15

1.5 billion years ago

Question 16

Molecular data tells that _____ and fungi shared a common ancestor ______ plants evolved

Answer 16

Animals; after

Question 17

True or False: Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is related to plants

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What were the most likely to be commo ancestor of fungi?

Answer 18

Flagellated Unicellular Protists

Question 19

Is the BODY of fungi mostly unicellular or multicellular

Answer 19

Multicellular

Question 20

True or False: Yeast’s are multicellular

Answer 20

False; They are actually unicellular

Question 21

What does a mycelium consist of

Answer 21

A vast network of thread-like hyphae (like filaments)

Question 22

What does the mycelium give the fungi?

Answer 22

A large surface area per unit volume

Question 23

What do SEPTATE FUNGI have that makes them different

Answer 23

They have hyphae that contain cross walls called SEPTA

Question 24

What are SEPTA

Answer 24

(Hyphae containing) Cross walls

Question 25

True or False: Non-septate fungi are multinucleated

Answer 25

True

Question 26

True or False: Hyphae grow from the cap

Answer 26

False; They grow from the tip

Question 27

What are the cell walls of hyphae made up of

Answer 27

Chitin (Which is what hard shelled animals shells are made up of)

Question 28

In fungi, what is the excess food stored as?

Answer 28

Glycogen

Question 29

How are spores produced by fungi?

Answer 29

1. Fungi gets nutrients from eating food 2. As the food source is depleted , different mating types of hypha may reach each other and produce a sporangium 3. Meiosis will take place here, producing and protecting spores

Question 30

What are the advantages of spores (3)

Answer 30

- They are easy and light weight making them easily dispersible - There is a protection from drying out - Huge numbers of spores are produced at a time (billions to trillions)

Question 31

Sexual reproduction of spores involves what three stages? (3)

Answer 31

- Haploid= Hyphae - Dikaryotic= Stage - Diploid= Zygote

Question 32

True or False: In the process of preproducing spores, both sexual and asexual reproduction take place

Answer 32

True

Question 33

True or False: Asexual reproduction can occur in some fungi like yeast (Budding)

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What does fragmentation do for a hyphae?

Answer 34

If a hyphae is cut, then fragmentation allows for it to regenerate into a new fungus which will grow a new mycelium

Question 35

What are hyphae that contain paired haploid nuclei said to be?

Answer 35

Dikaryotic (it can remain this way for a while)

Question 35

When will two different hyphae fuse?

Answer 35

During sexual reproduction (hyphae from two different mating types fuse)

Question 36

What does nuclear fusion produce?

Answer 36

Diploid nuclei

Question 37

What do diploid nuclei produce?

Answer 37

Zygotes

Question 38

What does a zygote produce

Answer 38

Zygospore

Question 39

After meiosis, what does a zygospore produce

Answer 39

Haploid spores that will be carried away by the wind