Chapter 14 TEST

Question 1

True or False
Earth is thought to have formed about 4.6 billion years ago

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False
The conditions on primitive earth were very suitable for life

Answer 2

False

Question 3

True or False
Geological events on Earth set up conditions that would play a major role in the evolution of life on earth

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False
By the end of the mesozoic, the continents took on their modern shape

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or False
The first organisms appeared on land between 3.9 to 3.4 billion years ago

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Trace fossil

Answer 6

A foot print, trail or burrow, providing evidence of animal activity

Question 7

Amber-Preserved

Answer 7

A fossil embedded in tree sap, valuable because the organism is preserved intact

Question 8

Petrified Fossil

Answer 8

An exact stone copy of an original organism, the hard parts of which have been penetrated and replaced by minerals

Question 9

Fossil

Answer 9

Any evidence of an organism that lived long ago

Question 10

Imprint

Answer 10

The fossil of a thin object (leaf of feather) that falls into sediments and leaves an outline when the sediments harden

Question 11

Mold

Answer 11

The empty space left in rock, showing the exact shape of the organisms that were buried and decayed there

Question 12

Cast

Answer 12

An object formed when a mold is filled by minerals from the surrounding rock

Question 13

Explain how relative dating works

Answer 13

Scientists look at rock layers and come to a realization that the bottom layers are older and the top layers are younger

Question 14

What is the limitation of relative dating

Answer 14

You cannot determine the actual age in years

Question 15

What dating technique is often used by paleontologists to determine the specific age of a fossil

Answer 15

Radiometric dating

Question 16

How do scientist use radiometric dating to determine the ages of rocks or fossils

Answer 16

Scientists compare the amount of radioactive isotopes and the new isotope it decayed into

Question 17

Whe did the first stromatolite occur

Answer 17

Pre-Cambrian

Question 18

When did primates evolve and diversify

Answer 18

Cenozoic era

Question 19

What era is divided into the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods

Answer 19

Mesozoic era

Question 20

What era saw an explosion of life (invertebrates and the plant phyla)

Answer 20

Paleozoic

Question 21

What era did mammals appear in

Answer 21

Mesozoic

Question 22

What era did flowering plants occur

Answer 22

Mesozoic

Question 23

What era did amphibians and reptiles appear in

Answer 23

Paleozoic

Question 24

Early scientists believed that life arose from____ through a process called_____

Answer 24

Non living Matter; Spontaneous eneration

Question 25

For how long did animals like pterosaurs, mosasaurs and other dinosaurs dominate the planet?

Answer 25

1 hundred million years

Question 26

What are scientist trying to figure out?

Answer 26

Why they (pterosaurs, mosasaurs and other dinosaurs) disappeared

Question 27

What were the tiny shelled sea creatures called in the limestone layers

Answer 27

Forams

Question 28

What mysterious find did Cr. Alvarez notice in the rock layers

Answer 28

Forams suddenly disappeared

Question 29

What was the gray band called that separated the two layers

Answer 29

The K-T boundary

Question 30

What is the correct order of eras

Answer 30

(Pre-Cambrian) Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

Question 31

What two periods does the K-T boundary separate?

Answer 31

Mesozoic, Cretaceous

Question 32

Was there a GRADUAL change in forams as the rock layers approached the K-T boundary

Answer 32

NO

Question 33

What was a difference in the forams above the boundary and below it

Answer 33

size

Question 34

What rare element is found on earth that is found in meteorites

Answer 34

Iridium

Question 35

How much more of Iridium was there, compared to the surrounding rock?

Answer 35

30%

Question 36

If a supernova was the cause of the element being found on earth there would there have also been another isotope present. What was it an was it found

Answer 36

Plutonium-244, no

Question 37

What was Louis Alvarez's hypothesis about an asteroid strike

Answer 37

It would be found all over the earth

Question 38

How many nukes would an asteroid strike be equivalent to

Answer 38

100 million nukes

Question 39

What important biological process would have stopped because of the debris in the atmosphere

Answer 39

Photosynthesis

Question 40

True or false The asteroid impact hypothesis was immediately accepted by the scientific community

Answer 40

False

Question 41

Without finding a crater, scientists had to rely on other evidence to support the asteroid impact hypothesis. What were some of those pieces of evidence

Answer 41

Glass beads "Spherules" found in the K-T layer and shocked quarts

Question 42

What could displace various types of rock from the ocean onto land

Answer 42

Tsunamis from asteroid impact

Question 43

Where was the crater eventually found

Answer 43

Yucatan Peninsula, Gulf of Mexico

Question 44

Which would have the fossils of dinosaurs, the layers above or below the K-T boundary in the Hells Creek formation of Montana, North Dakota, and South Dakota

Answer 44

Below

Question 45

What was the fate of dinosaurs within 1000km of the impact site

Answer 45

Broiled alive

Question 46

If they were further away there demise was probably linked to.......

Answer 46

Sulphurous gas poisonings

Question 47

After the impact how many of all plant species died

Answer 47

60%

Question 48

What plant was the first to replace flowering plants on barren landscapes

Answer 48

Ferns

Question 49

What animals seemed to survive the post impact world

Answer 49

Small, burrowing animals