Chapter 18 Bacteria Notes Flashcards
What are two types of Prokaryotes
Bacteria and archaebacteria
List 4 characteristics of prokaryotes
- Found in any and all environments
- Masters of adaptation
- Existed for over one billion years on primitive earth
- Range from 1-10 length, and 0.7-1.5 width in micro meters
What are the three basic shapes of bacteria
- Spherical (Cocci)
- Capsule (Bacilli)
- Worm (Spirilli)
What was the significance of Anton Van Leuwenhoek’s famous experiment?
He disproved vital force and brought the idea that one cell makes another cell
True or False: Prokaryotes DO NOT HAVE a membrane bound nucleus
True
DNA is found in the _____ region shaped in a ring
Nucleoid
What does the outer cell wall contain in bacteria cells
Peptidoglycan
What does peptidoglycan do for a bacteria cell
Prevents it from experiencing osmotic bursting
What do some bacteria have that helps them move around
A flagella
Prokaryotes lack _________ organelles
membrane-bound
What is a plasmid
An ACCESSORY ring of DNA (This DNA has nothing to do with the genetic makeup of the cell!!!!!)
What do fimbriae’s allow a prokaryote to do
to attach to a host cell/ a surface
What does a capsule produce
Carbohydrate chains
Do prokaryotes reproduce asexuallly or sexually
asexually
What is binary fission
When prokaryotes reproduce asexually
What are the THREE KEY steps in Binary Fission
1: Chromosome replicates as cell grows
2: Genetic material separates and cell elongates
3: Cross wall forms and separates two cells
True or False: Prokaryotes are Diploid
False- They are haploid, giving them immediate mutations
What’s Transduction
A phage-facilitated exchange of info.
(Meaning viruses aid genetic change based on infection)
What’s Transformation
The picking up of extracellular DNA
What’s conjugation
A sex pilus forms between two cells and the donor cell passes DNA to the recipient cell through the pilus
True or False: Spores form under favorable conditions
False- Unfavorable
HOW do spores form
The cytoplasm mostly dehydrates and a copy of the bacterial genome is saved