Chapter 20-Arthropods: Invertebrates with Jointed Feet Flashcards
What term refers to invertebrates with jointed appendages, and makes up more than three fourths of all species in the animal kingdom, and include such familiar creatures as insects, spiders, crayfish, centipedes, and millipedes?
Arthropods
What is the strong, lightweight and flexible external skeleton that arthropods have in place of an internal backbone like vertebrates?
Exoskeleton
The exoskeleton of an arthropod is composed of ____________, a substance that is chemically similar to cellulose or starch, and when reinforced by special proteins or by hard minerals, it can be as strong as bone.
Chitin
What is the term that refers to scientists who study insects?
Entomologist
What is the process by which insects mature called?
Metamorphosis
What are the two types of metamorphosis?
Incomplete
Complete
What type of metamorphosis is it when the insect begins life as an egg which hatches into a nymph?
Incomplete metamorphosis
In incomplete metamorphosis the insect begins life as an egg which hatches into a _____________, an immature form of the insect that looks much like the adult but has different body proportions and lacks wings.
Nymph
What type of metamorphosis is it when the egg develops into a larva, which is a wormlike eating and growing stage?
Complete metamorphosis
What are the three distinct body regions that the bodies of insects are divided into?
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
What is the front segment of the grasshopper’s body that have antennae attached to it?
Head
What is an eye that is composed of many independent lenses and “retinas,” giving the eye a faceted appearance under a microscope?
Compound eye
The components of an insect’s mouth are known as:
Mouthparts
What is the middle part of a grasshopper’s body that is divided into the three segments of the prothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax?
Thorax
What is the rearmost portion of the grasshopper’s body that contains many of the insect’s vital organs, including the heart, much of the digestive system, and most of the respiratory and excretory system?
Abdomen
What is the largest and most diverse group of animals, and are animals without backbones?
Invertebrates
What is an insect with a half-wing design and piercing-sucking mouthparts which it uses to suck sap from plants and body fluids from animals?
Bug
What is the term that refers to the most common insects of the order Hymenoptera, and includes ants, bees, and wasps?
Social insects
What kind of bee of the honeybee colony is the egg-laying female?
Queen
What kind of bee of the honeybee colony is the male?
Drones
What kind of bee of the honeybee colony is the non-egg-laying female?
Worker
What are some important orders of insects?
Orthoptera (straight-winged) Odonata (toothed) Hemiptera (half-winged) Homoptera (same-winged) Lepidoptera (scale-winged) Diptera (two-winged) Coleoptera (sheath-winged) Hymenoptera (membrane-winged)
Spiders and daddy longlegs, mites and ticks, and scorpions are small, insectlike arthropods that constitute the class:
Arachnida
Spiders have two distinct body regions–a fused head and thorax called a:
Cephalothorax
A pair of short appendages called _______________, which the spider uses to seize and to kill or crush its prey, is located below the spider’s eyes.
Chelicerae
What is an appendage that looks like a small leg, is attached to each side of a spider’s mouth, and is used to cut and crush its food?
Pedipalp
The spider’s respiratory system consists of the tracheae and the _______________, which is made up of at least 15 extremely thin, flat folds of tissue forming parallel air pockets.
Book lungs
At the tip of the abdomen in most spiders are three pairs of short, fingerlike ______________, the organs which the spider uses to spin silk.
Spinnerets
Millipedes and ______________ are caterpillarlike creatures that are often confused with each other, but there are significant differences between the two classes.
Centipedes
What are some examples of arachnids?
Harvestmen (long-legged arachnids)
Scorpions (stinging arachnids)
Mites and ticks (dangerous arachnids)
What are two arthropods with many legs?
Centipedes
Millipedes
What is the especially hard outer shell of the crayfish that provides the vital organs with an additional defense against hungry predators?
Carapace
What is the forward extension of the carapace of the crayfish that protects the well-defined head?
Rostrum
What are the first three sets of appendages of the crayfish that are designed to help the crayfish keep a firm grip on its food, and are also called “jaw feet”?
Maxillipeds
What are the crayfish’s abdominal appendages that are found on the body segments that meme up the abdomen?
Swimmerets
On a crayfish, the swimmerets on the sixth segment form a ______________ (flipper) which the crayfish uses for swimming.
Uropod
What are the crayfish’s special excretory organs that function like kidneys to remove wastes from the blood, and lie in front of the stomach and open to the outside near the base of the antennae?
Green glands
