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Biology > Chapter 11-The Endocrine System:Glands > Flashcards

Chapter 11-The Endocrine System:Glands Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What gland is located in the neck, slightly below the larynx?

A

Thyroid gland

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2
Q

What are four disorders of the thyroid gland?

A

Cretinism
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Simple goiter

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3
Q

Where are the islets of Langerhans located?

A

Pancreas

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4
Q

What hormones do the islets of Langerhans produce?

A

Insulin

Glucagon

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5
Q

What is a disorder of the islets of Langerhans?

A

Diabetes mellitus

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6
Q

What hormones do the thyroid gland produce?

A

Thyroxine
Triodothyronine
Calcitonin

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7
Q

What kind if glands sit like small caps on top of the kidneys?

A

Adrenal glands

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8
Q

What hormones do the adrenal glands produce?

A

Epinephrine
Cortisol
Aldosterone

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9
Q

What kind of adrenal hormone enters your blood in increased amounts when you are excited or alarmed?

A

Epinephrine

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10
Q

What is the hormone epinephrine is commonly known as?

A

Adrenaline

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11
Q

What kind of hormone of the adrenal gland differs from other hormones in that they are not protein compounds but, instead, are special lipid molecules?

A

Steroids

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12
Q

What hormone of the adrenal glands is a steroid hormone, and stimulates the body to repair itself following an injury or stress?

A

Cortisol

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13
Q

What hormone of the adrenal glands is a steroid hormone, and stimulates the kidney to conserve sodium and secrete potassium?

A

Aldosterone

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14
Q

What are the reproductive organs?

A

Gonads

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15
Q

What are the reproductive organs in males called?

A

Testes

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16
Q

What are the reproductive organs in females called?

A

Ovaries

17
Q

What is the hormone produced by the ovaries in females called?

A

Estrogens

18
Q

What is the hormone produced by the testes in males called?

A

Testosterone

19
Q

A primary function of the sex hormones is to promote the production of ____________: eggs and sperms.

A

Gametes

20
Q

What is the time when a person is becoming sexually mature?

A

Adolescence

21
Q

What are the changes in adolescence that include such things as the growth of hair on the face and body, a deepening of the voice in males, and an enlargement of the breasts in females?

A

Secondary sex characteristics

22
Q

What is the gland that lies between the cerebral hemispheres of the brain, and its primary function seems to be the regulation of the body’s waking and sleeping cycles?

A

Pineal gland

23
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland produce?

A

Melatonin

24
Q

What hormone triggers the autonomic nervous system to relax, slows the activity of the reticular formation, and causes other changes that make you feel sleepy?

A

Melatonin

25
Q

What gland is embedded in the nasal cavity, and is sometimes called the “master gland” because it affects the other endocrine gland?

A

Pituitary gland

26
Q

What hormones does the pituitary gland produce?

A

Somatotropin

Gonadotropins

27
Q

What hormone of the pituitary gland is also called the growth hormone, and regulates skeletal growth?

A

Somatotropin

28
Q

What is a hormone of the pituitary gland which affect the development of the reproductive organs?

A

Gonadotropins

29
Q

What are some disorders of the pituitary glands’ hormone, somatotropin?

A

Pituitary gigantism
Pituitary dwarfism
Acromegaly

30
Q

What is a disorder of the pituitary glands’ hormone, somatotropin, that happens when too much of this hormone is produced during the growing years and a person may grow seven to nine feet tall?

A

Pituitary gigantism

31
Q

What is a disorder of the pituitary glands’ hormone, somatotropin, that happens when too little somatotropin is produced during childhood and someone may develop into a well-proportioned little person?

A

Pituitary dwarfism

32
Q

What is a disorder of the pituitary glands’ hormone, somatotropin, where the pituitary gland produces too much somatotropin after childhood development, and the bones of the head, hands, and feet become enlarged?

A

Acromegaly

Biology (22 decks)

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