Chapter 13-Natural History and Scientific Investigation

Question 1

Who was the man who said that man cannot trust his senses for an understanding of physical reality but taught that we learn by “remembering” knowledge gained through countless cycles of reincarnation

Answer 1

Plato

Question 2

Who put together a system known as the doctrine of ideas?

Answer 2

Plato

Question 3

What was the doctrine stated that we learn by “remembering” knowledge gained through countless cycles of reincarnation?

Answer 3

Doctrine of ideas

Question 4

Who said that intellectual speculation is the highest form of reality and is elevated by biologists today for his achievements in defining interrelationships among living things?

Answer 4

Aristotle

Question 5

Who developed the doctrine of intellect?

Answer 5

Aristotle

Question 6

What doctrine states that intellectual speculation is the highest form of reality and a personal God is left out of the picture?

Answer 6

Doctrine of intellect

Question 7

Who was the Roman General who wrote prolifically in his spare time and wrote the scientific work Natural History?

Answer 7

Pliny the Elder

Question 8

What was the scientific work by Pliny the Elder that touchdown many scientific subjects including the nature of the heavens, technology, zoology, botany, mineralogy, and medicine?

Answer 8

Natural History

Question 9

Who was the Greek physician who stressed direct observation as the key to science and his work became the absolute authority in human anatomy for over 1000 years?

Answer 9

Galen

Question 10

What was the group who are driven from Byzantium because of doctrinal disagreements with the religious leaders there, and had some beliefs that were not in line with the Scriptures, but they did have enough interest in truth to preserve learning?

Answer 10

Nestorian Christians

Question 11

What is the idea that living things can arise from nonliving things?

Answer 11

Spontaneous generation

Question 12

Who was the most famous early Hebrew naturalist who was the king of Israel who ruled around 1000 B.C. And the Bible says that God made him wiser than “all the children of the east country and all the wisdom of Egypt”?

Answer 12

Solomon

Question 13

The ideas of creation without a Creator where perhaps man’s first attempt at developing a philosophy of origins called:

Answer 13

Evolution

Question 14

What was the one important benefit of Roman civilization?

Answer 14

The spread of knowledge

Question 15

Who was the protestant pastor and schoolmaster who wrote “Living Picture of the Nerve” for the use of physicians and apothecaries, who used plants for medicinal purposes?

Answer 15

Otto Brunfels

Question 16

Who was the man who taught at the Protestant University in Tübingen, who wrote “The Natural History of Plants” where he accurately illustrated and describe about 500 medicinal plants?

Answer 16

Leonhard Fuchs

Question 17

Who was the Swiss naturalist whose primary contributions to science were a five-volume work called “History of Animals” and his botanical work called the “Opera Botanica,” and was probably the best-educated naturalist of his day?

Answer 17

Konrad Gesner

Question 18

Who is the man who presented to the world his book on the structure of the human body and wrote “Fabrica,” and is called the “Father of Anatomy”?

Answer 18

Andreas Vesalius

Question 19

What is the field of the study of the function of body structures?

Answer 19

Physiology

Question 20

Who was the English physician and great physiologist who was known for his classic work on the circulation of blood through the body?

Answer 20

William Harvey

Question 21

What is the idea that the universe consists of nothing but matter and energy and has no spiritual or supernatural aspects?

Answer 21

Materialism

Question 22

Who was a Puritan clergymen who led in the formation of Philosophical College, and was a leading member in the Royal Society of London for the Promotion of Natural Knowledge?

Answer 22

John Wilkins

Question 23

What was the group led by many Puritans, and was created to repudiate the unbelieving ideas of materialistic philosophers who said that man could arrive at all knowledge through science?

Answer 23

Royal Society of London for the Promotion of Natural Knowledge

Question 24

What was founded in Paris in 1666, and was supported largely by Huguenots and Jansenists?

Answer 24

French Academy of Science

Question 25

What was the group of Calvinist French Catholics who emphasized salvation through God’s love and grace?

Answer 25

Jansenists

Question 26

Was the most outstanding Jansenist and a great mathematician and scientist?

Answer 26

Blaise Pascal

Question 27

What is the term that means living Atoms?

Answer 27

Animacula

Question 28

Who published his work “Micrgraphia,” in which he described the cells of cork, and was the first to devote an entire book exclusively to microscopic observations?

Answer 28

Robert Hooke

Question 29

Who was the first person to devote his whole life to studies with the microscope?

Answer 29

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 30

What theory maintains that all living things are composed of living units called cells and of cell products and that all cells come from pre existing cells?

Answer 30

Cell theory

Question 31

What special process do scientists employ to solve scientific problems?

Answer 31

Scientific method

Question 32

The scientific method is a form of ______________ (reasoning from the specific events in nature to their general causes) that involves the activities of theorizing, observing, and experimenting.

Answer 32

Inductive reasoning

Question 33

What are tentative solutions to a scientific problem?

Answer 33

Hypotheses

Question 34

What does the biologist use which are experiments in which all factors are identical except the one being tested?

Answer 34

Controlled experiments

Question 35

What is the one factor being tested in an experiment?

Answer 35

Variable

Question 36

In an experiment, what is the thing that was not treated?

Answer 36

Control group

Question 37

When a hypothesis has passed the test of many well-designed experiments and has the support of other scientists, it is referred to as:

Answer 37

Theory

Question 38

If a theory stands the test of time and is verified by experiment after experiment, it may be referred to as a:

Answer 38

Scientific law

Question 39

Who was the Italian physician who was one of the first scientists to present evidence against spontaneous generation?

Answer 39

Francesco Redi

Question 40

Who in the 19th century, was the French scientist who conducted experiments which marked the end of spontaneous generation as a scientific possibility, and his experiments showed that not even the simplest of organisms can develop from nonliving matter?

Answer 40

Louis Pasteur

Question 41

What is the important scientific concept that states that living things can know come from other living things; it is impossible for nonliving substances to change into even simple living things?

Answer 41

Law f biogenesis

Question 42

What is the idea that science can find answers for all the problems in life?

Answer 42

Scientism