Chapter 19-Fish Flashcards
(42 cards)
What is the division of fish whose skeletons are made either partially or wholly of bone?
Bony fish
What are the three main body regions of the fish?
Head
Trunk
Tail
What is the body region of the fish that extends from the mouth to the back of the gill covers?
Head
What is the body region of the fish that is the portion extending from the back of the gill covers to the urogenital opening?
Trunk
What is the division of fish whose skeletons are made of cartilage?
Cartilaginous
What is the body region of the fish that is the portion extending from the rear of the trunk to the base of the take fin?
Tail
Ordinarily, the gills of fish are not visible because they are concealed beneath large, fat gill covers known as ________________ located at the back of the head on each side, and help protect the delicate gill structures beneath from being damaged.
Opercula, sing. Operculum
The most prominent features of the trunk and tail are the fish’s ___________, which in most bony fins is composed of a thin web of connective tissue spread over a fan-shaped skeleton of thin rods made of bone or cartilage.
Fin
What type of paired fins do bony fish have that are located just behind the head on each side of the body?
Pectoral fins
What type of paired fins do bony fish have that are located to the rear of the pectoral fins and lower trunk?
Pelvic fins
What are the two sets of paired fins?
Pectoral fins
Pelvic fins
What are the three types of median fins?
Dorsal fin
Anal fin
Caudal fin
What type of median fin projects Howard from the fish’s back, and works to stabilize the fish when it is in motion?
Dorsal fin
What type of median fin projects downward from the rear of the fish’s trunk, and works to stabilize the fish when it is in motion?
Anal fin
What type of median fin projects from the fish’s take, and serves as a fish’s propeller and rudder?
Caudal fin
Most bony fish have a protective covering of small, bony plates called ________________ located just beneath the epidermis, in the dermis region if the skin.
Scales
Fish’s skeletal muscles are arranged in W-shaped bands called _____________, which can be see clearly on a skinned fish, and each one is controlled by a separate nerve, allowing the fish to move its body in a wavelike, undulating motion.
Myomeres
What are scientists who study fish called?
Ichthyologist
What are the special organs of a fish that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between the water and fish’s blood?
Gills
Each gill consists of a curved arch of cartilage called the:
Gill arch
Each gill consists of a gill arch, from which branch two rows of long, narrow:
Gill filaments
Beneath each operculum is a large ____________, that opens into the fish’s pharynx (throat).
Gill chamber
The gills are protected by ________________, vanelike projections from the front of each gill arch that strain food particles and other debris out of the water, preventing the gills from becoming fouled by these sediments.
Gill rakers
How many chambers does a fish’s heart have?
Two-chambered heart