Chapter 19-Fish

Question 1

What is the division of fish whose skeletons are made either partially or wholly of bone?

Answer 1

Bony fish

Question 2

What are the three main body regions of the fish?

Answer 2

Head
Trunk
Tail

Question 3

What is the body region of the fish that extends from the mouth to the back of the gill covers?

Answer 3

Head

Question 4

What is the body region of the fish that is the portion extending from the back of the gill covers to the urogenital opening?

Answer 4

Trunk

Question 5

What is the division of fish whose skeletons are made of cartilage?

Answer 5

Cartilaginous

Question 6

What is the body region of the fish that is the portion extending from the rear of the trunk to the base of the take fin?

Answer 6

Tail

Question 7

Ordinarily, the gills of fish are not visible because they are concealed beneath large, fat gill covers known as ________________ located at the back of the head on each side, and help protect the delicate gill structures beneath from being damaged.

Answer 7

Opercula, sing. Operculum

Question 8

The most prominent features of the trunk and tail are the fish’s ___________, which in most bony fins is composed of a thin web of connective tissue spread over a fan-shaped skeleton of thin rods made of bone or cartilage.

Answer 8

Fin

Question 9

What type of paired fins do bony fish have that are located just behind the head on each side of the body?

Answer 9

Pectoral fins

Question 10

What type of paired fins do bony fish have that are located to the rear of the pectoral fins and lower trunk?

Answer 10

Pelvic fins

Question 11

What are the two sets of paired fins?

Answer 11

Pectoral fins

Pelvic fins

Question 12

What are the three types of median fins?

Answer 12

Dorsal fin
Anal fin
Caudal fin

Question 13

What type of median fin projects Howard from the fish’s back, and works to stabilize the fish when it is in motion?

Answer 13

Dorsal fin

Question 14

What type of median fin projects downward from the rear of the fish’s trunk, and works to stabilize the fish when it is in motion?

Answer 14

Anal fin

Question 15

What type of median fin projects from the fish’s take, and serves as a fish’s propeller and rudder?

Answer 15

Caudal fin

Question 16

Most bony fish have a protective covering of small, bony plates called ________________ located just beneath the epidermis, in the dermis region if the skin.

Answer 16

Scales

Question 17

Fish’s skeletal muscles are arranged in W-shaped bands called _____________, which can be see clearly on a skinned fish, and each one is controlled by a separate nerve, allowing the fish to move its body in a wavelike, undulating motion.

Answer 17

Myomeres

Question 18

What are scientists who study fish called?

Answer 18

Ichthyologist

Question 19

What are the special organs of a fish that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass between the water and fish’s blood?

Answer 19

Gills

Question 20

Each gill consists of a curved arch of cartilage called the:

Answer 20

Gill arch

Question 21

Each gill consists of a gill arch, from which branch two rows of long, narrow:

Answer 21

Gill filaments

Question 22

Beneath each operculum is a large ____________, that opens into the fish’s pharynx (throat).

Answer 22

Gill chamber

Question 23

The gills are protected by ________________, vanelike projections from the front of each gill arch that strain food particles and other debris out of the water, preventing the gills from becoming fouled by these sediments.

Answer 23

Gill rakers

Question 24

How many chambers does a fish’s heart have?

Answer 24

Two-chambered heart

Question 25

A fish's mouth, or ____________, is the beginning of the fish's digestive system.

Answer 25

Oral cavity

Question 26

The jaws of a fish are often lined with various types of ____________ that are designed to suit the fish's diet.

Answer 26

Teeth

Question 27

The oral cavity opens into the fish's ___________, or throat, which is separated from the gill cavities by a screen of gill rakers on each side of it.

Answer 27

Pharynx

Question 28

At the rear of the pharynx is the opening of the ________________, a short, straight tube that leads to the stomach.

Answer 28

Esophagus

Question 29

Digested food exits the rear of the stomach through a pyloric sphincter that leads to the fish's:

Answer 29

Intestine

Question 30

Solid wastes and indigestible materials are excreted from the fish through the ___________, an opening located on the fish's underside near the anal fin.

Answer 30

Anus

Question 31

A fish senses faint vibrations and pressure changes in the water by means of its ________________, a system of special nerve endings that extends over its head and the sides of its body.

Answer 31

Lateral line

Question 32

In both sexes of fish, sex cells are released through _______________, located slightly to the rear of the anus.

Answer 32

Urogenital opening

Question 33

What term refers to a fish laying its eggs?

Answer 33

Spawn

Question 34

What us the term that refers to a fish's eggs?

Answer 34

Roe

Question 35

When the female lays the eggs, the make releases a fluid called _____________ into the water through his urogenital opening, and contains large numbers of sorry cells.

Answer 35

Milt

Question 36

What is the hollow, gas-filled chamber located high in the fish's body cavity, that allows a fish to adjust its buoyancy so that it can remain stationary at a fixed depth without having to tread water?

Answer 36

Swim bladder

Question 37

A fish's swim bladder is filled with gases (usually oxygen) by a special _______________ in the wall of the bladder, which extracts oxygen or other from the fish's blood and uses the gas to inflate the swim bladder.

Answer 37

Gas gland

Question 38

What group of fish make the most dramatic spawning runs, includes the chinook salmon, sockeye salmon, coho salmon, and several others, and most species of this group make one spawning run when they are several years old and die after they spawn?

Answer 38

Pacific salmon

Question 39

What division of fish have skeletons made of cartilage?

Answer 39

Cartilaginous fish

Question 40

What are the two classes of cartilaginous fish?

Answer 40

Sharks, rays, and chimaeras | Lampreys and hagfish

Question 41

What type of fish include nearly 30 species of unusual cartilaginous fish that live near the ocean bottom, are medium-sized fish with huge eyes and a long, slender, pointed tail?

Answer 41

Chimaeras

Question 42

What are the two types of fish that are cartilaginous, have slimy, scaleless bodies that resemble eels, and lack jaws?

Answer 42

Lampreys | Hagfish