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Biology > Chapter 17-Birds > Flashcards

Chapter 17-Birds Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What term means “two-footed,” which birds have and leaves the birds’ wings free for flying?

A

Bipedal

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2
Q

What kind of a heart does a bird have?

A

Four-chambered heart

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3
Q

What kind of birds have feet with a special design that holds the bird securely on its perch even when asleep, and some examples would be thrushes and bluebirds?

A

Perching birds

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4
Q

What kind of birds are known for their fierce and precise hunting skills, and some examples of them would be the California condor and the falcon?

A

Birds of prey

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5
Q

What is the largest living land bird of North America, and is a vulture with a wingspan of up to 11 feet and a body nearly 4 feet in length, is a bird of prey, and is endangered?

A

California condor

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6
Q

What kind of bird is the fastest of any living creature, and is a bird of prey?

A

Peregrine falcon

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7
Q

What are the zoologist who study birds called?

A

Ornithologists

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8
Q

What kind of birds commonly liv or feed in water, a number of them are equipped with water-repellent feathers and webbed or lobed feet for swimming?

A

Water birds

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9
Q

What are some examples of water birds?

A

Ducks,
Geese,
White stork,
Herons

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10
Q

What kind if birds are hunted fur both food and sport, such as doves, quails, wild turkeys?

A

Game birds

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11
Q

What kind of birds live in the world’s tropical forests?

A

Tropical birds

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12
Q

What are some examples of tropical birds?

A

Parakeets,

Toucans

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13
Q

What kind of birds have only a few species alive today, and some examples would be the ostrich?

A

Flightless birds

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14
Q

What are some examples of extinct birds?

A 
Dodo bird,
Moa, 
Great auk,
Passenger pigeon,
Archaeopteryx
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15
Q

What is one of the most obvious features of a bird that allows it to fly, is a characteristic unique to birds, and is a lightweight body covering and an excellent insulator?

A

Feathers

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16
Q

The streamlined shape of a bird is provided by the bird’s _______________, strong feathers found on the bird’s body, wings, and tail, and all these type of feathers point toward the bird’s tail to aid streamlining.

A

Contour feathers

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17
Q

Special contour feathers on the wings are known as _______________ because they provide the necessary wing shape for flight.

A

Flight feathers

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18
Q

Beneath the contour feathers lie the _________________, soft, fluffy feathers close to the bird’s body that provide excellent insulation without adding much weight.

A

Down feathers

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19
Q

What are some examples of flightless birds?

A 
Ostrich (largest living bird),
Emu,
Penguin,
Kiwi,
Rhea,
Cassowary
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20
Q

What is the stiff quill, which is along both sides of the bird called?

A

Rachis

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21
Q

Along both sides of the stiff quill (rachis) are grooves which bear filamentous ____________, forming the flat vanes of the feather.

A

Barbs

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22
Q

Along both sides of the stiff quill (rachis) are grooves which bear filamentous barbs, firming the flat ___________ of the feather.

A

Vanes

23
Q

There are usually several hundred barbs in each vane, held together by tiny ____________, which in turn bear flanges and minute hooks called hamuli.

A

Barbules

24
Q

What is the retractable group of feathers on the front of the wing, while the “finger” bones support the wingtips, that is supported by the bird’s “thumb” bones?

A

Alula

25
Q

What part of the bird’s brain is responsible for muscle coordination?

A

Cerebellum

26
Q

What part of the bird’s brain is arranged similarity to that of a man or mammal and controls the bird’s autonomic functions (such as the heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and body temperature)?

A

Brain stem

27
Q

What part of the bird’s brain are not a part of the cerebrum as in mammals and man, but are bulges of the midbrain?

A

Optic lobes

28
Q

Bird’s have a third eyelid called the _______________, which us a transparent membrane that allows a bird to “blink” and moisten its cornea without obstructing its vision, an important characteristic when flying in close quarters.

A

Nictitating membrane

29
Q

What are some examples of different flight patterns?

A

Powered flight,
Gliding,
Soaring

30
Q

The hummingbird’s special ability in ultraviolet range helps attract them to flowers that have what biologists call _____________, which are striking patterns on flowers visible only in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum.

A

“Nectar guides”

31
Q

What part of the bird’s brain is the seat of the bird’s intelligence, and it controls voluntary behavior and allows the bird to make day-to-day decisions?

A

Cerebrum

32
Q

Many birds have a special sac in the esophagus called a ____________ that serves as a storage chamber and releases food to the rest of the digestive system at the proper rate.

A

Crop

33
Q

Toward the rear of the stomach is the ______________, that is very muscular and is lined with horny plates that act as milestones to grind the food.

A

Gizzard

34
Q

Crushed food from the gizzard is emptied into the ____________, where digestion continues and nutrients are absorbed.

A

Intestine

35
Q

Within the short intestine, digestion and absorption are completed and the remaining waste is readied for elimination in the _____________, sperm from the testes in the male or eggs from the ovaries in the female are released rather than to the outside through separate openings.

A

Cloaca

36
Q

In young birds, a special organ known as the _______________ lies close to the wall of the cloaca where lymphocytes that aid in the immune system are produced.

A

bursa of Fabricius

37
Q

Marine birds have been equipped with a special excretory gland called a _____________ which is located above the eye, that has the ability to concentrate salt to twice the concentration of seawater, because marine birds consume much salt water in their diet.

A

Salt gland

38
Q

What system of birds is completely different from that of any other living vertebrae?

A

Respiratory system

39
Q

When a bird inhales, fresh air passes through the trachea into large _____________ behind the lungs, and as the bird then exhales, the fresh air from the posterior air sacs flows forward through the lungs.

A

Air sacs

40
Q

A special design in birds is the voice box or ________________,which is at the lower end of the trachea where it divides into two bronchi, and within it is a membrane that vibrates when expired air passes over it, and muscle tension and differences in air pressure change the pitch and volume.

A

Syrinx

41
Q

What is the annual moving of birds to a different region, and is a characteristic of many kinds of birds?

A

Migration

42
Q

It is common for birds to _____________, or gather in large groups, especially just before the breeding season.

A

Flock

43
Q

Migrating birds follow the same route year after year called:

A

Flyways

44
Q

An egg expands en route as _____________ is added to it, having been manufactured and secreted by special glands.

A

Albumen

45
Q

The bulk of the yolk body is a fat-rich food source for the tiny embryo, which develops at a special location called the:

A

Germinal spot

46
Q

Running through the middle of the albumen layers is very dense, twisted cord called the ________________ which is attached to the yolk and acts as a support for the yolk.

A

Chalaza

47
Q

What is an unlearned knowledge that an animal possesses at birth?

A

Instinct

48
Q

What process involves keeping the eggs warm, usually by an adult bird sitting in them, so that the young birds will develop properly in the eggs?

A

Incubation

49
Q

In response to the presence of the egg, the adult loses feathers on its belly to expose a patch of skin called a:

A

Brood patch

50
Q

What term refers to birds that are naked and helpless at hatching?

A

Altricial

51
Q

What term refers to birds that are covered with down and able to run or swim almost immediately after hatching?

A

Precocial

52
Q

All doves and pigeons produce _____________ rich in protein and fat; this substance is similar to the milk produced by mammals, but us produced by special cells lining the crop instead of by external glands.

A

Crop milk

53
Q

Man’s understanding of _______________ developed during the 19th century when several naturalists noted the seeming impossibility of some species of birds to nest close together. It was evident that these birds remained at precisely fixed distances to each other.

A

Territoriality

Biology (22 decks)

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