Chapter 2 test cards Flashcards
List the three states of matter
Solid, Liquid, Gas
What state of matter has no definite shape but a definite volume?
Liquid
What state of matter has no definite volume or shape?
Gas
What state of matter has a definite shape and volume?
Solid
List the three measurements that are helpful to know when working with a gas
Volume, temperature, pressure
Which law is always at a constant temperature?
Boyle’s law
Which law is always at a constant pressure?
Charles’s law
If the pressure of a substance that is kept at a constant temperature increases, what happens to the volume?
Decreases
If the temperature of a substance that is kept at a constant pressure increases, what happens to the volume?
Decreases
What is the change in a state from a solid to a liquid?
Melting
What is the change in a state from a liquid to a solid?
Freezing
What is the change in a state from a liquid to a gas?
Vaporization
What is a change in a state from a solid to a gas?
Sublimation
What is a change in state from a gas to a liquid?
Condensation
List the three things that each axis of a graph is labeled with.
Name of the variable, the unit of measurement, and the range of values.
A solid that is made up of crystals in particles that are arranged in a regular repeating pattern
Crystalline solid
A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern
Amorphous solid
A liquid resistance to flow
Viscosity
A substance that can easily flow
Fluid
The result of an inward pull among the molecules of a liquid that brings the molecules on the surface closer together.
Surface tension
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
Melting point
The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas
Boiling point
The process that occurs when vaporization takes place only on the surface of a liquid.
Evaporation
The force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted
Pressure
A principle that describes the relationship between the temperature and volume of a gas at a constant pressure
Charles’s law
A principle that describes the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a gas at a constant temperature
Boyle’s law
A diagram that shows how two variables are related
Graph
The (0,0) point on a line graph
Origin
A term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph is a straight line passing through the origin
Directly proportional
A term used to describe the relationship between two variables whose graph forms a curve that slopes downward.
Vary inversely
Give three examples of crystalline solid
Salt, sugar, and snow
What property explains why water forms droplets and supports the weigh of certain insects on its surface?
Surface tension
Liquids with high viscosity flow at what speed?
Slowly
Liquids with low viscosity flow at what speed?
Quickly
Do gas particles fill all available space?
Yes
What happens at a solid’s melting point?
The particles are vibrating so fast that they break free from their fixed positions.
When vaporization takes place throughout a liquid, what process is happening?
Boiling
Name the two main forms of vaporization.
Boiling and evaporation
When does condensation occur?
When particles in a gas lose enough thermal energy to form a liquid.
When does sublimation occur?
When the surface particles of a solid gain enough energy to become a gas.
What is the formula for pressure?
Force/Area
What is the unit for pressure?
Pa
The graph of Charles’s law shows that the volume of a gas is what to its kelvin temperature?
Directly proportional
