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Science > Biology chapter 2 > Flashcards

Biology chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The basic unit of matter

A

Atom

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2
Q

In cells, structure that contains the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

Pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

A

Element

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4
Q

Negatively charged particle; located in the space surrounding the nucleus

A

Electron

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5
Q

Substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

A

Compound

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6
Q

Chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

A

Ionic Bond

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7
Q

Type of bond between atoms in which the electrons are shared

A

Covalent Bond

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8
Q

Attraction between molecules of the same substance

A

Cohesion

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9
Q

Force of attraction between different kinds of molecules

A

Adhesion

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10
Q

Material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed together but not chemically combined

A

Mixture

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11
Q

A compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; a solution with a pH of less than 7

A

Acid

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12
Q

A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; a solution with a pH of more than 7

A

Base

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13
Q

Type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed

A

Solution

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14
Q

Small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

A

Monomer

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15
Q

Molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

A

Polymer

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16
Q

Compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body

A

Carbohydrate

17
Q

Macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes

A

Lipid

18
Q

Macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

A

Protein

19
Q

Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus

A

Nucleic Acid

20
Q

Compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end

A

Amino Acid

21
Q

Process that changes, or transforms, one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals

A

Chemical Reaction

22
Q

Protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

A

Enzyme

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