Biology chapter 4 Flashcards
Process of converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that plants can absorb and use
Nitrogen fixation
Process in which elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another
Biogeochemical cycle
Chemical substance that an organism needs to sustain life
Nutrient
Process by which bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
Denitrification
A series of steps in an ecosystem in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Food chain
Single essential nutrient that limits productivity in an ecosystem
Limiting nutrient
Photosynthetic algae found near the surface of the ocean
Phytoplankton
Network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem
Food web
Each step in a food chain or food web
Trophic level
Illustration of the relative amounts of energy or matter contained within each trophic level in a given food chain or food web
Ecological pyramid
Total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level
Biomass
Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer
Autotroph
First producer of energy-rich compounds that are later used by other organisms
Primary Producer
Process used by plants and other autotrophs to capture light energy and use it to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy-rich carbohydrates such as sugars and starches
Photosynthesis
Process in which chemical energy is used to produce carbohydrates
Chemosynthesis
Organism that obtains food by consuming other living things; also called a consumer
Heterotroph
Organism that relies on other organisms for its energy and food supply; also called a heterotroph
Consumer
Material made up of decaying bits of plant and animal material
Detritus
Define photosynthesis
A process that uses energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen
Define chemosynthisis
A process that uses chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.
List the types of consumers
Carnivores, Scavengers, Decomposers, Herbivores, Omnivores, Detrovores
List the four biogeochemical cycles
Water cycle, Carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle, Phosphorous cycle
