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psychology > chapter 2 psychology > Flashcards

chapter 2 psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

2 main sections

A

cns

pns

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2
Q

pns sections

A

somatic

autonomic

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3
Q

autonomic sections

A

sympathetic

parasympathetic

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4
Q

somatic sections

A

motor

sensory

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5
Q

forebrain involves

A

cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
limbic system

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6
Q

midbrain involves

A

reticular formation

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7
Q

role of cns

A

enables brain to communicate with the rest of the body by conveying messages to the pns

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8
Q

forebrain role

A
  • higher order thinking processes (i.e. planning, solving, emotions and language)
  • receiving and processing sensory information
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9
Q

midbrain role

A

movement
sleep
arousal

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10
Q

hindbrain

A

link between spinal cord and rest of the brain

- important for movement and balance

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11
Q

role of pns

A

works with cns to enable interaction with environment

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12
Q

motor neurons

A

responsible for initiating movement of pns

- communicates from cns to particular muscle for specific movement

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13
Q

sensory neurons

A

convey sensation from sensory receptors (pns) to the brain via cns

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14
Q

role of somatic nervous system

A
  • controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles (striped or striated)
  • conscious responses without the arousal of autonomic nervous system
    e. g. putting a jumper when cold
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15
Q

role of autonomic nervous system

A
  • responsible for communication of information between cns and non-skeletal muscles (smooth or visceral) and together with glands and internal organs that carry out bodily functions(such as digestion)
  • responsible for homeostasis
  • responding to threats in environment
  • directs unconscious functioning
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16
Q

fight-flight-freeze response

A
  • activated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
17
Q

sympathetic

A
  • activated when organism is threatened

- responsible for the organism’s action (referring to fight or flight response)

18
Q

parasympathetic

A
  • activated when aware tht you are unable to fight or outrun the threatening stimulus
  • freeze response
  • responsible for homeostasis (maintaining balance in bodily functions)
19
Q

effects of parasympathetic and sympathetic

A 
parasympathetic:
contracts bladder
stimulates tear glands
constricts pupils
slows heart rate
sympathetic:
relaxes bladder
no effect on tear glands
accelerates heart rate
dilates pupil
20
Q

cerebral cortex

A

detects the difference between pieces of information, understands meaning of information, abstract and symbolic thinking

21
Q

cerebral hemispheres

A

almost symmetrical connected by neural fibres called corpus callosum

22
Q

4 lobes

A

parietal
frontal
temporal
occipital

23
Q

thalamus

A
  • when receives signals from sensory receptors, this relays information to the primary cortex relevant to that lobe (processes and interprets it)
  • responsible for giving specific sensory information more attention than others at a given moment
  • controlling motor systems of the brain which are responsible for voluntary bodily movement and coordination
24
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • largest
  • speech, abstract thought, planning, social skills
    primary motor cortex:
  • movement of skeletal muscles and helps coordinate sensory stimuli to plan for movement
  • functions contraleterally (left primary cortex controls movement of the right side of body)
25
Q

parietal lobe

A

perception of 3D shapes and spatial awareness
primary somatosensory cortex:
- processes sensation (touch, pain, temperature, pressure)
- functions contralaterally

26
Q

temporal lobe

A

processing auditory information
primary auditory cortex:
- perform complex auditory analysis to interpret human speech or listen to music

27
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision
primary visual cortex:
- different parts of PVC process different types of visual stimulus

28
Q

association areas

A

parts of cerebral cortex (grey matter) not taken up by lobes

29
Q

neurons

A

near association areas: less specific function; could be involved in integration of several senses or memories
near primary cortices: specialise in analysing and interpreting that particular sensory information

30
Q

association area: frontal lobe

A

higher order thinking; reasoning, language, aspects of personality

31
Q

association area: parietal

A
  • integrate sensory information to form a single perception

- construct a spatial coordinate system to represent the world

32
Q

association area - temporal

A

processing and encoding memories

33
Q

association area - occipital

A

integration of visual stimuli

34
Q

reflexes

A

innate response to a stimuli involving a process called a reflex arc

  • to contribute to safety/survival
  • many are controlled within spinal cord and no involvemen of brain (for faster response as no nerve impulse is sent)
35
Q

reflex arc

A

process of receiving a sensation and responding to a stimuli reflexively

36
Q

monosynaptic

A
  • involving one synapse
  • affector (sensory) neuron brings a sensation from receptors and an effector (motor) neuron carries motor messages to muscles of the body
37
Q

polysynaptic

A

involves atleast two synapses

involves interneurons connecting the affector and effector neurons

psychology (18 decks)

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