Chapter 2: Chemistry Flashcards
Kinetic energy
energy in action
potential energy
stored, inactive energy
- becomes kinetic when released
What are the different forms of energy?
- chemical
- electrical
- mechanical
- radiant
chemical energy
energy stored in chemical bonds that release when broken
- ex: ATP
electrical energy
movement of charged particles that are ions or electrons
- ex: nerve impulse
mechanical energy
energy involved with moving matter
- ex: energy in muscles to move fingers
radiant energy
electromagnetic energy that travels in waves
- ex: visible light
atomic number
of protons in atom
atomic weight
of protons and neutrons in atom
isotope
atom of the same element with different # of neutrons
radioisotope
isotope of element with an unstable, decaying nucleus
- gives off particles (radioactivity)
Difference between molecules and compounds
molecules refer to 2 or more atoms of the same element while compounds have different elements
covalent bonds
between atoms that share electrons and are the strongest bond
ionic bonds
form between atoms that give and take electrons
hydrogen bonds
form between a hydrogen atom and an electron hungry particle
- weakest type of bond
Why do atoms bond?
for stability, because most have an incomplete outer electron shell
inert(noble) gas
naturally has 8 outer electrons in shell
types of chemical reactions
- synthesis
- decomposition
- single displacement
- double displacement
synthesis
A + B = AB (anabolic)
Decomposition
AB = A + B (catabolic)
single displacement
AB + C = AC + B
double displacement
AB + CD = AD + CB
electrolyte
when compound dissolves in water and releases ions
acids
electrolytes that release H+ (hydrogen ions)
- pH less than 7
bases
electrolytes that release ions that will combine with H+
- pH higher than 7
carbohydrates
- composed of C, H, O
- short chain carbs called sugars or saccharides
disaccharide
combo of 2 monosaccharides together
lipids
- insoluble in water
- fats, phospholipids, steroids
fats
- used to build cell parts and supply energy
- composed of C, H, O in different proportions than carbs
- made up of fatty acids and glycerol
phospholipids
- liek triglyceride ( 3 fatty acid, 1 glycerol) except with a phosphate group
- make up cell membrane
steroid
- 4 carbon rings
- function: cholesterol, adrenal cortex hormones, sex hormones, bile acids, vitamin D
proteins
structural sources of energy, hormones, cell membrane receptors
what mae up proteins?
amino acids
denaturation
denatured protein
permanent destruction of protein
- protein is denatured a protein that has lost its shape (change in amino acid sequence)
nucleic acids
made up of nuceotides (pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base)
- Types: RNA, DNA
