Chapter 2: Chemistry

Question 1

Kinetic energy

Answer 1

energy in action

Question 2

potential energy

Answer 2

stored, inactive energy

• becomes kinetic when released

Question 3

What are the different forms of energy?

Answer 3

• chemical
• electrical
• mechanical
• radiant

Question 4

chemical energy

Answer 4

energy stored in chemical bonds that release when broken

• ex: ATP

Question 5

electrical energy

Answer 5

movement of charged particles that are ions or electrons

• ex: nerve impulse

Question 6

mechanical energy

Answer 6

energy involved with moving matter

• ex: energy in muscles to move fingers

Question 7

radiant energy

Answer 7

electromagnetic energy that travels in waves

• ex: visible light

Question 8

atomic number

Answer 8

of protons in atom

Question 9

atomic weight

Answer 9

of protons and neutrons in atom

Question 10

isotope

Answer 10

atom of the same element with different # of neutrons

Question 11

radioisotope

Answer 11

isotope of element with an unstable, decaying nucleus

• gives off particles (radioactivity)

Question 12

Difference between molecules and compounds

Answer 12

molecules refer to 2 or more atoms of the same element while compounds have different elements

Question 13

covalent bonds

Answer 13

between atoms that share electrons and are the strongest bond

Question 14

ionic bonds

Answer 14

form between atoms that give and take electrons

Question 15

hydrogen bonds

Answer 15

form between a hydrogen atom and an electron hungry particle

• weakest type of bond

Question 16

Why do atoms bond?

Answer 16

for stability, because most have an incomplete outer electron shell

Question 17

inert(noble) gas

Answer 17

naturally has 8 outer electrons in shell

Question 18

types of chemical reactions

Answer 18

• synthesis
• decomposition
• single displacement
• double displacement

Question 19

synthesis

Answer 19

A + B = AB (anabolic)

Question 20

Decomposition

Answer 20

AB = A + B (catabolic)

Question 21

single displacement

Answer 21

AB + C = AC + B

Question 22

double displacement

Answer 22

AB + CD = AD + CB

Question 23

electrolyte

Answer 23

when compound dissolves in water and releases ions

Question 24

acids

Answer 24

electrolytes that release H+ (hydrogen ions)

• pH less than 7

Question 25

bases

Answer 25

electrolytes that release ions that will combine with H+ * pH higher than 7

Question 26

carbohydrates

Answer 26

* composed of C, H, O * short chain carbs called sugars or saccharides

Question 27

disaccharide

Answer 27

combo of 2 monosaccharides together

Question 28

lipids

Answer 28

* insoluble in water * fats, phospholipids, steroids

Question 29

fats

Answer 29

* used to build cell parts and supply energy * composed of C, H, O in different proportions than carbs * made up of fatty acids and glycerol

Question 30

phospholipids

Answer 30

* liek triglyceride ( 3 fatty acid, 1 glycerol) except with a phosphate group * make up cell membrane

Question 31

steroid

Answer 31

* 4 carbon rings * function: cholesterol, adrenal cortex hormones, sex hormones, bile acids, vitamin D

Question 32

proteins

Answer 32

structural sources of energy, hormones, cell membrane receptors

Question 33

what mae up proteins?

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

denaturation denatured protein

Answer 34

permanent destruction of protein * protein is denatured a protein that has lost its shape (change in amino acid sequence)

Question 35

nucleic acids

Answer 35

made up of nuceotides (pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base) * Types: RNA, DNA