Chapter 12: Neurotransmitters

Question 1

ability of the presynaptic neuron to stimulate the post synaptic neuron is dependent on?

Answer 1

chemical transmitters

Question 2

what occurs in an electrical synapse?

Answer 2

ionic current rapidly spreads direstly from 1 cell to another through gap junctions

Question 3

where do presynaptic neuron and post synaptic neurons interact?

Answer 3

at the synaptic cleft

Question 4

neurotransmitter molecules are synthesized in the ______ and stored within ______ in the axon _______

how are they released?

Answer 4

presynaptic neuron and stored within vesicles in the axon end feet

• the arrival of nerve impulse at button causes release of neurotransmitter into the cleft
• transmitter diffuses across the synapse

Question 5

ion permeability change can be either

Answer 5

stimulatory or inhibitory

Question 6

excitatory neurotransitter causes

Answer 6

increase in Na ion permeability

• Na ions diffuse in2 the cell causing the post synaptic membrane to depolarize to the threshold -55mV

Question 7

inhibitory neurotransmitter causes

Answer 7

increase in K ion permeability

• K ions diffuse out of the ccell causing hyperpolarization of the post synaptic membrane
• makes generation of a nerve inpulse more difficult

Question 8

inhibitory post synaptic potential is more

Answer 8

hyperpolarizing post synaptic potential (more -)

Question 9

neurotransmitter is moved away from the synaptic cleft in 3 ways

Answer 9

diffusion, enzymatic degradation, uptake in2 neurons and glial cells

Question 10

enzymatic degradation

Answer 10

acetocholine esterase

Question 11

prozac inhbits

Answer 11

uptake of seratonin in the synapse (makes yo happy)

Question 12

PNS stimulatory neurotransmitters

Answer 12

ACh, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine

(emotions, pleasure, prevents overstimulation of neurons that control skeletal muscle tone)

seratonin

(mood sleep patterns, body temp)

Question 13

CNS inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 13

endorphins, enkephalins

(pain relief, blocks release of substance P that enhance pain)

GABA

(gabba amino butyric acid: reduces anxiety)

Question 14

ow can neurotransmitters be modified?

(how do drugs change body chemicals?)

Answer 14

• stimulating/inhibiting neurotransmitter synthesis
• blocking/enhancing neurotransmitter release
• stimulating/inhibiting neurotransmitter removal
• blcking/activating receptor site