Chapter 12: Nervous System

Question 1

nervous system

function

Answer 1

• keeps controlled conditions within limits that maintain health and homeostasis
• responsible for behaviors, reasoning, intelligence, memories, sensations, movements

Question 2

nervous system is composed of (7)

Answer 2

brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, spinal nerves, ganglia, enteric plexus, sensory receptors

Question 3

brain

contains? protected by?

Answer 3

protected by skull

contains over 90 billion neurons

Question 4

12 pairs of ____ emerge from the base of the brain through the foramina of the skull

Answer 4

cranial nerves

Question 5

nerve

description

Answer 5

bundle of hundreds of axons that serve a specific region of the body

Question 6

spinal cord is an extension of what?

Answer 6

extension of the brain that begins at the foramen magnum of the skull and is protected by the vertebral column

Question 7

foramen magnum

Answer 7

junction of brain stem and spinal cord

Question 8

how many pairs of spinal nerves?

Answer 8

31

Question 9

how many pairs of cervical nerves?

Answer 9

8

Question 10

how many pairs of thoracic nerves?

Answer 10

12

Question 11

how many pairs of lumbar nerves?

Answer 11

5

Question 12

how many oairs of sacral nerves?

Answer 12

5

Question 13

how many pairs of coccyx nerves?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

ganglia

Answer 14

collections of cell bodies of neurons that reside outside the CNS

Question 15

enteric plexuses regulate what?

Answer 15

help regulate the digestive system

Question 16

sensory receptors

function

Answer 16

parts of neurons (specialized cells) that monitor changes in the internal or external environment

Question 17

functions of the nervous system

Answer 17

sensory, integrative, motor

Question 18

sensory functions

Answer 18

sense changes in the internal/external environment through sensory receptors

Question 19

integrative functions

Answer 19

analyze the sensory info and make decisions for appropriate behaviors

Question 20

how do motor functions react to stimuli

Answer 20

by initiating a response in the effector (skeletal, smooth, cardiac muscles or glands)

Question 21

central nervous system (CNS)

what does it consist of?

Answer 21

brain and spinal cord

Question 22

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

what does it consist of?

Answer 22

12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves

Question 23

sensory (afferent) fibers bring info from ____ to _____

Answer 23

brings info to the CNS

(PNS—>CNS)

Question 24

motor (efferent) fibers bring info from _____ to _____

Answer 24

brings info to PNS (muscles + glands)

(CNS) —->(PNS)

Question 25

PNS is divided into

Answer 25

somatic (voluntary), autonomic (involuntary), enteric nervous systems

Question 26

somatic nervous system is made up of? (3)

Answer 26

somatic (body) cells, sensory (afferent) and somatic motor (efferent) nerves

Question 27

somatic sensory fibers

Answer 27

arise from special sense organs (eyes, ears, tongue) or from pain, touch, temperature

Question 28

somatic motor fibers

innervation?

Answer 28

sense organs in skin and muscles

• innervate skeletal muscles only

Question 29

what types of nerves does the autonomic nervous system have? (2)

Answer 29

contains autonomic sensory (visceral afferent) and autonomic motor (visceral efferent) nerves

Question 30

visceral sensory fibers

where do they arise

location

Answer 30

arise from stretch receptors in muscles, and sense organs in viscera that detect blood pressure, o2 + CO2 concentrations, Ph level etc

• involuntary
• found in organ walls

Question 31

visceral motor fibers

innervate what types of muscle?

Answer 31

innervates smooth and cardiac muscle

Question 32

motor part of the ANS make up (2)

Answer 32

consist of sympathetic + parasympathetic divisions

Question 33

enteric nervous system

what does it consist of?

Answer 33

neurns in enteric plexuses that extend the length of the GI tract

• most neurons function independently of the ANS + CNS

Question 34

enteric sensory fibers controls what?

Answer 34

contraction and organs in GI tract

ex: intestines, gall bladder, stomach, ass, esophagus