Chapter 14: more brain function

Question 1

VI. THE DIENCEPHALON: DEVELOPS FROM

Answer 1

forebrain

Question 2

Thalamus is a pair of _______ located ______

Answer 2

oval masses, superior to midbrain

Question 3

thalamus contians mostly ______ organized into _____

Answer 3

gray matter organized into nuclei

Question 4

thalamus is principle relay station for _______ to the ______

Answer 4

sensory pathways, cerebral cortex

Question 5

thalamus recieves all ________ except _____

and registers ________ (4)

Answer 5

sensory nerve impulses, except smell, from four (4) regions, one of which is the spinal cord

conscious recognition of pain, temperature, and awareness of light touch and pressure

Question 6

cognition

Answer 6

the awareness and acquisition of knowledge is credited to the thalamus

Question 7

hypothalamus is located

Answer 7

inferior to the thalamus

Question 8

hypothalamus Contains three (3) major regions possessing important nuclei

Answer 8

a. Mammillary: relay station for the sense of smell
b. Tuberal: contains the infundibulum
c. Supraoptic: produces two hormones (adh, oxytocin)

Question 9

hypothalamus has 6 homeostatic functions

Answer 9

a. Controls/integrates the ANS
b. Integrates activity of the NS with the endocrine system (produces hormones)
c. Regulates emotional & behavioral patterns
d. Regulates eating/drinking through the feeding, satiety, and thirst centers
e. Regulates body temperature through the heat gain/loss centers
f. Pineal gland: part of the epithalamus that secretes hormone melatonin (helps regulate sleeping and waking hours (circadian rhythm)

Question 10

cerebrum is the _____ part of the brain

Answer 10

largest

Question 11

a. The cortex contains ________, deep grooves called ________, and shallower grooves called ________.

Answer 11

gyri, fissures (ridges), sulci

Question 12

gyri act as

Answer 12

specific landmarks

Question 13

cerebrum white matter is found

Answer 13

deep to the cortex

Question 14

hemispheres

Answer 14

right and left halves of the cerebrum

Question 15

Longitudinal Fissure

Answer 15

divides cerebrum into right and left halves

Question 16

Corpus Callosum

Answer 16

bundle of transverse white fibers

Question 17

Lateral Ventricle produce

Answer 17

csf

Question 18

cerebral hemisphere is further subdivided into

Answer 18

5 lobes by sulci and/or fissures

Question 19

insula

Answer 19

deeo within brian

covered by frintal, parietal, temporal, occipital bones (island of reil)

Question 20

1. Myelinated fiber tracts running in three principal directions

Answer 20

a. Association Fibers: connect one part of the cortex to another in same hemisphere
b. Commissural Fibers: Corpus Callosum
c. Projection Fibers: connect the cortex to lower parts of the CNS

Question 21

Cerebral Nuclei

Answer 21

Basal Ganglia

only found in gray matter

Question 22

basal ganglia

serve as

Answer 22

Paired masses of gray matter deep within each cerebral hemisphere

control for skeletal muscle movement, interconnections btwn cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and some fibers descend into cord

Question 23

nucleus in corpus striatum

Answer 23

substance nigra

Question 24

Parkinsons Disease

Answer 24

neurons from the corpus striatum that produce dopamine degenerate (excessive muscle tone leads to rigidity, decreased mobility, tremors, involuntary muscle contraction, shuffling, expresionless face)

Question 25

Limbic systems location and function

Answer 25

1. Located in the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon

2. Performs two (2) major functions, one of which is memory

Question 26

cerebral cortex process

Answer 26

A. Sensory, motor, and integrative signals

Question 27

sensory areas of the cerebral cortex are concerned with

Answer 27

reception and interpretation of sensory impulses

Question 28

b. Primary Somatosensory Cortex (Areas 1, 2, 3)

Answer 28

parietal lobe immediately posterior to the central sulcus (post-central gyrus)

Question 29

primary somatosensory cortex Receives sensory impulses from __________ __________, and __________ receptors

Answer 29

cutaneous muscle, visceral receptors,

Question 30

2) Somatosensory Association Cortex (Areas 5, 7): receives

Answer 30

sensory impulses directly from the thalamus

Question 31

3) Primary and association sensory areas permit

Answer 31

(3) aspects of sensory perception,

1. memory of sensory experiences.
2. pain, temp, touch
3. allows you to distinguish 1 sense from another + shape and texture

Question 32

Primary Visual Cortex (Area17)

Answer 32

occipital lobe

Question 33

most sensory receptors are found in

Answer 33

face, hands, lips

Question 34

Visual Association Cortex controls

Answer 34

visual memory

recognition, evaluation, visual memory

Question 35

Optic Nerves meet and cross at the

Answer 35

optic chiasm

Question 36

Primary Auditory Cortex found in

Answer 36

temporal lobe; recognizes pitch and rhythm

Question 37

Auditory Association Cortex (Area 22 or Wernicke’s Area permits

Answer 37

1. auditory memory
2. recognition of speech meaning
3. distinguish btwn speech noise and music

Question 38

Primary Gustatory Cortex is found and interprets

Answer 38

base of the post central gyrus; interprets sensations related to the sense of taste

Question 39

Primary Olfactory Cortex

Answer 39

medial aspect of the temporal lobe

Question 40

motor areas are regions in the ________ that manage _________ _________

Answer 40

frontal lobe, muscular movement

Question 41

Primary Motor Cortex is found

Answer 41

immediately anterior to the central sulcus (pre-central gyrus)

Question 42

Broca’s Motor Speech Cortex located in and translate

Answer 42

frontal cortex

translates thought into speech and coordinates voluntary muscle activity

Question 43

Injury to the association or motor speech areas results in

Answer 43

aphasia: inability to use/comprehend words, can make sound not articulate speech

Question 44

Motor Association Cortex found, control

Answer 44

immediately anterior to the pre-central gyrus

Learned complex and sequential nature motor skills

Question 45

Hemispheric Lateralization

Answer 45

1. asymmetry (unevenness) of the cerebral hemispheres

2. More pronounced in men, however, women have larger connections between the two hemispheres

Question 46

A. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves (CN) originate from the ____

by order of attachment to the brain from _____ to ______

Answer 46

brain

anterior to posterior

Question 47

cranial nerves that contain only sensory fibers and are called

Answer 47

(I, II, and VIII)

sensory nerves

Question 48

all non sensory only CN’s

Answer 48

mixed sensory and motor fibers

Question 49

Cranial Nerve 3-Oculomotor function

Answer 49

Sensory and motor to extrinsic eye muscles

Question 50

Cranial Nerve 4-Trochlear function

Answer 50

Sensory and motor to extrinsic eye muscles

Question 51

Cranial Nerve 6-Abducens function

Answer 51

Motor to extrinsic eye muscles

Question 52

Cranial Nerve 7-Facial function

Answer 52

Motor to muscles of facial expression; sensory to salivary glands and taste buds

Question 53

Cranial Nerve 10-Vagus function

Answer 53

Motor to soft palate, pharynx, larynx;

Sensory to ear, pharynx, larynx, trachea, esophagus, and meninges

Question 54

Cranial Nerve 11-Accessory function

Answer 54

Motor and sensory to SCM, trapezius, and larynx muscles for sound production

Question 55

Cranial Nerve 12-Hypoglossal function

Answer 55

Motor and sensory to muscles of chewing and swallowing, the larynx, and tongue