Chapter 19 - Medieval Europe Flashcards
What was the Holy Roman Empire?
The Holy Roman Empire, formed by German princes, was a continuation of the Carolingian Dynasty. After the Carolingian empire collapsed, local authorities took control of their own regions.
How did wealthy landowners undermine the theme system in the 11th century?
The theme system was undermined when wealthy landowners obtained the properties of individual peasants and accumulating the land into large estates. The prevalence of these large estates contributed to the decline of peasants joining the Byzantine military. The social class of free peasants gradually transformed into agricultural laborers.
When was the Battle of Hastings?
The Battle of Hastings took place in 1066 AD.
Who was King Capet?
King Hugh Capet of France was elected by nobles. His dynasty (Capetian) lasted 300 years. As king, he held only a small territory around Paris.
What Germanic Tribe occupied England?
The Anglo-Saxons occupied England. Their monarchy originated from the Normans.
Who did the Normans descend from?
The Normans were descendants of the Vikings.
How did the Battle of Hastings start? What was the result of the battle?
In 1066, King Edward of England died without having named an heir. Thus, Edward’s brother-in-law Harold and William, Duke of Normandy both claimed the throne. In the same year, William (later known as William the Conqueror) invaded England. He defeats English King Harold due to his advantages in numbers, cavalry, and archers.
How did Muslim control of Iberia vary throughout time?
Muslim states ruled most of the peninsula in the 7-8th century. However, in the mid-11th century, Christians began attacking these states. Finally, in the late 13th century, only Granada belonged to the Muslims.
When did Muslims lose Granada?
Granada fell from the Muslims in 1492.
What 3 social classes made up a simplified view of Medieval structure?
The 3 classes were those who prayed, (parish priests and popes) those who fought, (nobles who inherited their position and focused on equestrian and martial prowess) and those who worked. (peasants, which were the vast majority of the population)
What were guilds and how did they eventually control much of the urban economy?
Guilds were organizations that restricted production and sale of goods within their specified jurisdiction. They assured quality with their products and productions and controlled prices in order to monopolize certain industries. Their prominence stemmed from city workers becoming organized and because urban nobles already dominated city affairs.
What is chivalry?
Chivalry was an informal code of ethics that detailed appropriate behavior for nobles. It included a religious element with a pledge to service of God.
What was the role of women in rural and urban societies in Medieval societies?
In rural societies, women maintained households and took care of domesticated animals. In urban societies, women worked as butchers, brewers, bakers, fishmongers, (fish butchers) merchants, medical field, and innkeepers as well as dominating the textile industry.
How was Christianity spread during the High Middle Ages?
During this time, church officials encouraged the colonization of Pagan and Muslim territories. As a result, Christianity was brought to Finland, Prussia, and Lithuania. The Crusades also resulted, which were knights that mounted campaigns to seize the Holy Land (Jerusalem) from the Muslims.
Who was Eric the Red and what land did he discover?
A Viking known as Eric the Red discovered Greenland and set up a colony. These ventures made by Scandinavian seafarers were also a result of the church encouraging colonization of Muslim and Pagan territories. Though the land was certainly not green, it was given the name to attract travelers. Only 14 out of 25 ships arrived.
