Chapter 10 - Greece Flashcards
In order, list the timeline of Ancient Greece.
Aegean Bronze Age Greek Dark Ages Archaic Period Classical Period Hellenistic Period Late Hellenistic/Greco-Roman
What time period was the Aegean Bronze Age?
The Aegean Bronze Age lasted from 3000 B.C.E to 2000 B.C.E.
What time period was the Greek Dark Ages?
The Greek Dark Ages lasted from 1100 B.C.E to 700 B.C.E.
What time period was the Classical Period?
The Classical Period lasted from 480 B.C.E to 323 B.C.E.
What time period was the Hellenistic Period?
The Hellenistic Period lasted from 323 B.C.E to 146 B.C.E.
What are Frescoes?
Frescoes are watercolor paintings done on wet plaster.
What caused Greece to plunge into the Dark Ages?
The beginning of the Greek Dark Ages is largely attributed to the fall of the Mycenaean World.
Attackers who wore blue and came from the north attacked Egypt. What did the Egyptians refer to them as? What are some theories on who they are?
Egyptians referred to these attackers as “sea people” and it is theorized that they are either Mycenaeans or a coalition of various coast civilizations.
How much of the population was lost during the Greek Dark Ages?
1/10th of the population was lost during the Greek Dark Ages.
What were also some downsides of the Greek Dark Ages?
The Greek Dark Ages also resulted in a loss of materials skills, loss of some more elevated arts, including writing, and a loss of contact with the outside world. Also, there was the destruction and abandonment of many Bronze Age civilization sites.
Who was Homer?
Ancient Greeks believed Homer to be the author of two Epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey.
What is the true value of these two epics?
Their true value is in their cultural influence.
What style are these two Epics written in?
The two Epics are written in Dactylic hexameter, which is a long breath followed by two short bursts of breath.
What is a polis?
A polis (Plural: poleis) is another word for city-state.
What were women’s roles in poleis?
Women had no political rights and were excluded from public life.
What legendary king united Athens and created a monarchy?
Theseus united Athens and created a monarchy.
Who overturned the long succession of kings?
The archons, aristocrats, overturned the long succession of kings.
Who is Draco?
Draco, at the time, was the Archon (highest official) who quelled the unrest with the lower classes by establishing a harsh law code. The word Draconian now refers to harsh because of his strict laws.
Who is Solon and what reforms did he introduce?
Solon was, at the time, the Archon who introduced several reforms such as the abolishment of serfdom, a system where peasants owed service and loyalty to their landowners. He also established a council of 400 representatives. This paved the way for Athenian democracy.
Who seized power and established himself as a tyrant?
Pisistratus seized power and established himself as a tyrant.
Who established the ten tribes that were not chosen based on social division and whose council also consisted of people form other parts of Attica?
Cleisthenes established the ten tribes during a time of struggle for power between people who wanted democracy and people who wanted rule by elites.
Where was the city-state of Sparta located?
Sparta was located in the fertile plains of the Peloponnesus.
What was the political system like in Sparta?
The Spartan political system consisted of 2 kings, never tyrants, who were commanders of the military as well as religious leaders.
Who kept social order as a lawgiver in Sparta?
Lycurgus kept social order as a lawgiver in Sparta.
What were the three social classes in Sparta?
The three Spartan social classes were the Spartans (Spartiates), the Perioikoi, and the Helots.
Who were the Helots?
Helots were not slaves, but possessed no rights. They were owned by the Spartan state and held up society because they were the only ones who provided food. Every year, Sparta declared war on them to establish dominance. Any helot could be killed without punishment.
What war were the Helots first captured and during what war were they freed?
The Helots were captured in the 1st Messenia War and freed during the Battle of Leuctra. Some won their freedom by fighting in the army.
What happened to Spartan children at ages 7-8?
Spartan boys went to live in the barracks where they would be trained to be members of the Spartan military and the girls would go to school at the same age so they could be taught how to raise a man.
What is Oligarchy?
Oligarchy is when power is in the hands of a small, wealthy elite.
What is an Aristocracy?
Aristocracy is rule by a hereditary elite.
What happened during the first Persian War?
Darius sought to punish Athens and the rest of Hellas for their involvement in the Ionian Revolt, sparking the Battle of Marathon. The Greeks were heavily outnumbered their forces were 8000 Athenians and 1000 Plataeas but still prevailed as the victor.
What are Lekythos?
Lekythos is small pottery used for perfume and oil, sometimes used in funeral to cover odor and for tears.
What famous playwright founded tragedy?
Aeschylus founded tragedy.
What happened during the 2nd Persian War?
Xerxes attempts a second invasion on the Hellas. In the Battle of Thermopylae, there were 300 Spartans and 700 Perioikois (?) under the command of Leonidas. Though Persia won, Greece strategically bought time.
What happened during the Battle of Salamis?
378 Greek ships fought in this naval battle. The straits were known as the Straits of Salamis. Battle named after the island of Salamis. Artemisia I of Caria, Queen of Halicarnassus, commanded 5 ships. Greece won this battle.
What is the Delian League?
The Delian League was formed by Greece in order to discourage further Persian action in Greece. Each member provided financial support for the building of ships but some of it was put towards the Acropolis. This outrage for the misleading use of funds caused the Peloponnesian War.
Why were the Persian Wars culturally significant to the Ancient Greeks?
They were culturally significant because of a united Hellas against the Barbarians plus a perception of greatness.
Who is Themistocles and what happened to him?
Themistocles was an Athenian general who led Greek forces in the Battle of Salamis. He was ostracized and then left to Persia. Xerxes appointed him governor (satrap) of Magnesia in Asia Minor.
What is ostracism?
Ostracism was banishment from Athens for 10 years after a leader received more than 6,000 votes on an ostraca.
What was a significant Spartan disadvantage during the Peloponnesian War?
At the time, Sparta had no navy.
How was Athen’s port (Piraeus) protected?
Athens built long walls to protect the port.
What years did the Peloponnesian War take place? Why did the war occur?
The Peloponnesian War took place from 431 B.C.E to 404 B.C.E. (27 years).
It occurred because it was believed that Athens had too much power with the Delian League in place especially after they redirected funds to a building project when they were supposed to go towards a fleet.
