Chapter 17: Genetics

Question 1

who is Mendel and and what did he study, theory?

Answer 1

an Australian monk in 1860s
he studied inheritance patterns of simple traits=genes in the garden pea and these traits had distinguishable types or alleles
theory of inheritance

Question 2

phenotype

Answer 2

visible type of trait, appearance

Question 3

genotype

Answer 3

combination of alleles

Question 4

monohybrid cross

Answer 4

Study the inheritance of one trait
use true breeding homozygous parents for cross- Mendel started with this

Question 5

P1
F1
F2

Answer 5

parental
first filial- first gen children
second filial - second gen children

Question 6

what kind of experiments did Mendel do?

Answer 6

controlled experiments and observed the results

Question 7

PP x pp=

Answer 7

all Pp

Question 8

Pp x Pp=

Answer 8

3 purple, 1 white
1 PP, 2 Pp, 1pp

Question 9

the dihybrid crosses are based on

Answer 9

monohybrid cross ratios

Question 10

law of segregation

Answer 10

each organism is diploid: has 2 copies/ alleles of each gene
during meiosis these alleles segregate so that each gamete contains only one allele for each gene

Question 11

each trait is controlled by

Answer 11

2 alleles

Question 12

dominant allele

Answer 12

can mask the expression of the recessive allele
needs only 1 dominant allele to see the dominant phenotype

Question 13

alleles for a gene occur at the same

Answer 13

gene locus= position on homologous chromosomes

Question 14

homozygous

Answer 14

organism has 2 of the same alleles

Question 15

heterozygous

Answer 15

organism has 2 different alleles

Question 16

visual appearance of organism

Answer 16

phenotype

Question 17

genetic composition of an organism

Answer 17

Genotype

Question 18

homozygous dominant
heterozygous dominant
homozygous recessive

Answer 18

PP
Pp
pp

Question 19

since all Pp and PP individuals all have the dominant phenotype there is a difference between

Answer 19

phenotypic and genotypic ratio

Question 20

which is the phenotypic ratio and which is genotypic?
1 PP: 2 Pp: 1 pp
3 purple: 1 white

Answer 20

genotype
phenotype

Question 21

if mom is Tt, what gametes can she give?

Answer 21

T and t

Question 22

how do you know the genotype of an organism if heterozygous and homozygous dominants look the same?

Answer 22

one trait test cross
test cross- cross an organism with the dominant phenotype with an organism with the recessive phenotype.
the ratio of dominant: recessive phenotype will tell you the genotype of the dominant parent

Question 23

what kind of game yes can dominant parents make?
recessive?

Answer 23

T and?
t

Question 24

if the dominant parent is a heterozygous the expected phenotype with a recessive is
homozygous

Answer 24

1 tall: 1 short
all tall

Question 25

If TT x tt expect ___ offspring
of Tt x tt expect ___ offspring

Answer 25

All T
1/2 T 1/2 t

Question 26

a tall plant is crossed with a short plant. there are 3 tall and 1 short plants in the offspring. What is the genotypes?

Answer 26

Tt x tt

Question 27

Is 4 a large number?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

if there are any recessive offspring the genotype of the dominant parent must be

Answer 28

Tt