Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
what levels of organization come after organism?
A
population and community
2
Q
what are 3 types of molecules?
A
inorganic molecules, organic molecules, macromolecules
3
Q
what does DNA contains?
A
genes that code for certain traits
4
Q
what is a community?
A
all organisms living in the same area
5
Q
excess glucose is stored as
A
glycogen
6
Q
what is the smallest unit of life?
A
cell
7
Q
what are organs made of?
A
tissues
8
Q
what type of energy compounds are used for growth and compound?
A
high
9
Q
gtp is like what type of battery?
A
AAA- not as common
10
Q
t/f tissues are many cells of the same type
A
true
11
Q
what are the three domains of life?
A
bacteria, archaea, and eukarya
12
Q
what is biotic?
A
living- bacteria, plants, animals, all living organisms
13
Q
t/f RNA is the genetic blueprint of living organisms that contains genes that code for certain traits?
A
false- DNA
14
Q
what is an organism?
A
an individual of a species
15
Q
what is photosynthesis?
A
organisms using light to produce their own food
16
Q
what does biological evolution help with?
A
populations becoming better adapted to their environment
17
Q
characteristics of archaea
A
prokaryotes, live in extreme environments
18
Q
what is the order of rna, dna, and proteins
A
dna, rna, protein
19
Q
what are 5 characteristics of living organisms?
A
-they use energy and carry out metabolism
-all living things acquire energy from the environment and use that energy to maintain their internal organization
-respond to environmental change
-regulation and homeostasis
-growth and development
20
Q
cells are sitting in what type of stuff? alive or unalive?
A
unalive
21
Q
atp is like what type of battery
A
AA- most common
22
Q
cells would not survive long without
A
organelles, molecules and atoms
23
Q
what is the biosphere?
A
all of the places on Earth where living things exist
24
Q
examples of eukaryotes
A
algae, fungi, animals
25
Which is bigger? biosphere or ecosystem
biosphere
26
what is DNA?
is the genetic blueprint of living organisms
27
how much DNA is given from each parent?
1/2
28
what are organ systems made of?
organs
29
autotrophs use what type of chemicals?
inorganic
30
what is the process where cells break down organic molecules into high energy compounds?
respiration
31
what is an ecosystem?
all of the living organisms and their environment in the same area
32
ecosystems include
organisms and abiotic things
33
what is one arm of a x chromosome?
really long dna
34
what is taxonomy?
systems of grouping organisms into increasingly more similar groups
35
what is taxonomy?
systems of grouping organisms into increasingly more similar groups
36
what does respiration result in?
atp and co2 +h2o
37
cells carry out what types of reactions?
chemical
38
what is the cell theory?
all organisms are made of cells
39
characteristics of eukaryotes
has nucleus, MBO, unicellular or multicellular
40
characteristics of bacteria
unicellular, prokaryotes
41
a community includes
biotic things
42
what is a portion of dna?
a gene
43
what is development?
going through various stages
44
what is growth?
getting bigger
45
when do cells make atp?
after they get energy
46
what is the theory that life comes from life and feels function the same?
cell theory
47
what are examples of proteins?
Enzymes, structural proteins, transport proteins
48
what is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA> RNA> proteins
49
what is the main difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote?
pro- no nucleus
euk- nucleus and membrane bound organelles
50
what is the smallest unit of life?
cell
51
what is abiotic?
nonliving- light, temperature, water
52
what is population?
all members of one species living in the same area
53
what are tissues
cells with common function
54
how are living things organized?
atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
55
do cells contain organelles?
yes
56
what are molecules?
2 or more atoms
57
what are the levels or organization?
atoms, molecules, organelles, cells
58
what is biological evolution?
the composition of populations of organisms changing from generation to generation over time
59
what are proteins?
the work horses of the cell
60
the reproduction process is
a copy of the parents DNA being passed on to the offspring
61
why do offspring resemble their parents?
they share the same genetic material (DNA)
62
what does photosynthesis produce?
sugar and o2
63
what are heterotrophs?
organisms who need to eat other organisms as food (animals)
64
what are autotrophs?
organisms who make their own food (plants)
65
what is respiration?
cells break down organic molecules(sugar) to make high energy compounds. These compounds are used for growth and metabolism
66
where do cells come from?
pre-existing cells, by cell division
67
what type of organization do organisms have?
internal
68
why do organisms have an internal organization?
so that the living cell is separated from the external environment
69
biology
the study of life
70
what are the classifications of living things?
domain bacteria, domain archae, and domain eukarya
71
what is in domain eukarya?
the eukaryotes
72
why has the kingdom monera changed into the domain of bacteria and archae?
better techniques have allowed us to differentiate more between them and their cellular structures
73
what 4 things are in the domain eukarya?
fungi, plants, protists, and animals
74
what type of bacteria is true?
eubacteria
75
what are the most common types of bacteria is that we hear everyday (ecoli)?
eubacteria
76
what are two types of domain bacteria?
eubacteria and Cyanobacteria
77
describe Cyanobacteria
it is normally blue green algae because of photosynthetic
78
what domain is unicellular prokaryotes?
bacteria and archae
79
what domain lives in extreme environments?
archae
80
what type of extreme environments can domain archae live in?
high temps (thermophiles)
high salt (halophiles)
methanogens in the guts of animals
81
which domain is most similar to eukaryotes?
archae- even though they are prokaryotic, they share similarities
82
domain eukarya have what type of nucleus?
true
83
why are protists, fungi, animals, and plants all in domain eukarya?
because of cellular structure and physiology. They also make dna, rna, and protein the same way.
84
types of protists
algae, amoeba, and parameciums
85
type of fungi
yeast and mushrooms
86
what is taxonomy and how does it work?
different organisms being grouped together based on their similarities and relatedness. species with a recent common ancestor are grouped together and ones who share a distant ancestor are placed in different groups
87
in taxonomy, related species are grouped into the same
genus
88
in taxonomy, after the genus, they are grouped into
family
89
in taxonomy, how is it written?
the genus is capital and the family is either underlined or italicized
90
what is binomial nomenclature?
each species is given a two part scientific name in Latin.
91
describe the two part of the binomial nomenclature
genus: shared by other closely related organisms
species: unique to that specific organism
92
the Latin name of binomial nomenclature normally has to do with what of the organism?
the appearance
93
what is a hypothesis and what is it based on?
what should the predictions be like?
a proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon. It is based on observation or scientific knowledge.
They should be testable
94
what is science?
observation, identification, experimental investigation, explanation of natural phenomena
95
if the prediction of the hypothesis is incorrect…
if the prediction of the hypothesis is correct…
the hypothesis has been proven false
the hypothesis is consistent with known data
96
what is a theory?
a broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is supported by a large body of evidence
97
what do theories incorporate?
observations, hypothesis testing, and other disciplines of science such as physics and chemistry
98
what does a theory establish and explain?
they establish a set of ideas and explain a vast amount of data that offers valid predictions that can be tested
99
discovery based science is…
collection and analysis of data without a preconceived hypothesis. these observations may lead to the formation of new hypotheses or discoveries
100
hypothesis based science and the scientific method is…
when observations are made about a certain biological process. a hypothesis is made that explains the observations. a good hypothesis will make testable predictions and experiments are performed to test them. the data is analyzed and the hypothesis is considered consistent with the data or false
101
experimental design is…
a controlled experiment where it contains two groups (the control and experimental), that vary in only one factor that is being tested. there are multiple organisms in each group and the data is analyzed to determine if the two groups are SIGNIFICANTLY different from each other.
102
what is Koch’s postulates?
the suspected pathogen must be present in every case of the disease. then the pathogen must be isolated from the host and grown in a lab dish. the disease must reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy host. the same pathogen must be recovered again from the experimentally infected host.
103
what is a double blind study?
neither the doctors nor the patients know which medication they are given to not screw the results
