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BIO 1200 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what levels of organization come after organism?

A

population and community

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2
Q

what are 3 types of molecules?

A

inorganic molecules, organic molecules, macromolecules

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3
Q

what does DNA contains?

A

genes that code for certain traits

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4
Q

what is a community?

A

all organisms living in the same area

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5
Q

excess glucose is stored as

A

glycogen

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6
Q

what is the smallest unit of life?

A

cell

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7
Q

what are organs made of?

A

tissues

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8
Q

what type of energy compounds are used for growth and compound?

A

high

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9
Q

gtp is like what type of battery?

A

AAA- not as common

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10
Q

t/f tissues are many cells of the same type

A

true

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11
Q

what are the three domains of life?

A

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

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12
Q

what is biotic?

A

living- bacteria, plants, animals, all living organisms

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13
Q

t/f RNA is the genetic blueprint of living organisms that contains genes that code for certain traits?

A

false- DNA

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14
Q

what is an organism?

A

an individual of a species

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15
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

organisms using light to produce their own food

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16
Q

what does biological evolution help with?

A

populations becoming better adapted to their environment

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17
Q

characteristics of archaea

A

prokaryotes, live in extreme environments

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18
Q

what is the order of rna, dna, and proteins

A

dna, rna, protein

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19
Q

what are 5 characteristics of living organisms?

A

-they use energy and carry out metabolism

-all living things acquire energy from the environment and use that energy to maintain their internal organization

-respond to environmental change

-regulation and homeostasis

-growth and development

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20
Q

cells are sitting in what type of stuff? alive or unalive?

A

unalive

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21
Q

atp is like what type of battery

A

AA- most common

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22
Q

cells would not survive long without

A

organelles, molecules and atoms

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23
Q

what is the biosphere?

A

all of the places on Earth where living things exist

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24
Q

examples of eukaryotes

A

algae, fungi, animals

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25
Q

Which is bigger? biosphere or ecosystem

A

biosphere

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26
Q

what is DNA?

A

is the genetic blueprint of living organisms

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27
Q

how much DNA is given from each parent?

A

1/2

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28
Q

what are organ systems made of?

A

organs

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29
Q

autotrophs use what type of chemicals?

A

inorganic

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30
Q

what is the process where cells break down organic molecules into high energy compounds?

A

respiration

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31
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

all of the living organisms and their environment in the same area

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32
Q

ecosystems include

A

organisms and abiotic things

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33
Q

what is one arm of a x chromosome?

A

really long dna

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34
Q

what is taxonomy?

A

systems of grouping organisms into increasingly more similar groups

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35
Q

what is taxonomy?

A

systems of grouping organisms into increasingly more similar groups

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36
Q

what does respiration result in?

A

atp and co2 +h2o

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37
Q

cells carry out what types of reactions?

A

chemical

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38
Q

what is the cell theory?

A

all organisms are made of cells

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39
Q

characteristics of eukaryotes

A

has nucleus, MBO, unicellular or multicellular

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40
Q

characteristics of bacteria

A

unicellular, prokaryotes

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41
Q

a community includes

A

biotic things

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42
Q

what is a portion of dna?

A

a gene

43
Q

what is development?

A

going through various stages

44
Q

what is growth?

A

getting bigger

45
Q

when do cells make atp?

A

after they get energy

46
Q

what is the theory that life comes from life and feels function the same?

A

cell theory

47
Q

what are examples of proteins?

A

Enzymes, structural proteins, transport proteins

48
Q

what is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

DNA> RNA> proteins

49
Q

what is the main difference between a prokaryote and eukaryote?

A

pro- no nucleus

euk- nucleus and membrane bound organelles

50
Q

what is the smallest unit of life?

A

cell

51
Q

what is abiotic?

A

nonliving- light, temperature, water

52
Q

what is population?

A

all members of one species living in the same area

53
Q

what are tissues

A

cells with common function

54
Q

how are living things organized?

A

atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

55
Q

do cells contain organelles?

A

yes

56
Q

what are molecules?

A

2 or more atoms

57
Q

what are the levels or organization?

A

atoms, molecules, organelles, cells

58
Q

what is biological evolution?

A

the composition of populations of organisms changing from generation to generation over time

59
Q

what are proteins?

A

the work horses of the cell

60
Q

the reproduction process is

A

a copy of the parents DNA being passed on to the offspring

61
Q

why do offspring resemble their parents?

A

they share the same genetic material (DNA)

62
Q

what does photosynthesis produce?

A

sugar and o2

63
Q

what are heterotrophs?

A

organisms who need to eat other organisms as food (animals)

64
Q

what are autotrophs?

A

organisms who make their own food (plants)

65
Q

what is respiration?

A

cells break down organic molecules(sugar) to make high energy compounds. These compounds are used for growth and metabolism

66
Q

where do cells come from?

A

pre-existing cells, by cell division

67
Q

what type of organization do organisms have?

A

internal

68
Q

why do organisms have an internal organization?

A

so that the living cell is separated from the external environment

69
Q

biology

A

the study of life

70
Q

what are the classifications of living things?

A

domain bacteria, domain archae, and domain eukarya

71
Q

what is in domain eukarya?

A

the eukaryotes

72
Q

why has the kingdom monera changed into the domain of bacteria and archae?

A

better techniques have allowed us to differentiate more between them and their cellular structures

73
Q

what 4 things are in the domain eukarya?

A

fungi, plants, protists, and animals

74
Q

what type of bacteria is true?

A

eubacteria

75
Q

what are the most common types of bacteria is that we hear everyday (ecoli)?

A

eubacteria

76
Q

what are two types of domain bacteria?

A

eubacteria and Cyanobacteria

77
Q

describe Cyanobacteria

A

it is normally blue green algae because of photosynthetic

78
Q

what domain is unicellular prokaryotes?

A

bacteria and archae

79
Q

what domain lives in extreme environments?

A

archae

80
Q

what type of extreme environments can domain archae live in?

A

high temps (thermophiles)
high salt (halophiles)
methanogens in the guts of animals

81
Q

which domain is most similar to eukaryotes?

A

archae- even though they are prokaryotic, they share similarities

82
Q

domain eukarya have what type of nucleus?

A

true

83
Q

why are protists, fungi, animals, and plants all in domain eukarya?

A

because of cellular structure and physiology. They also make dna, rna, and protein the same way.

84
Q

types of protists

A

algae, amoeba, and parameciums

85
Q

type of fungi

A

yeast and mushrooms

86
Q

what is taxonomy and how does it work?

A

different organisms being grouped together based on their similarities and relatedness. species with a recent common ancestor are grouped together and ones who share a distant ancestor are placed in different groups

87
Q

in taxonomy, related species are grouped into the same

A

genus

88
Q

in taxonomy, after the genus, they are grouped into

A

family

89
Q

in taxonomy, how is it written?

A

the genus is capital and the family is either underlined or italicized

90
Q

what is binomial nomenclature?

A

each species is given a two part scientific name in Latin.

91
Q

describe the two part of the binomial nomenclature

A

genus: shared by other closely related organisms
species: unique to that specific organism

92
Q

the Latin name of binomial nomenclature normally has to do with what of the organism?

A

the appearance

93
Q

what is a hypothesis and what is it based on?
what should the predictions be like?

A

a proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon. It is based on observation or scientific knowledge.
They should be testable

94
Q

what is science?

A

observation, identification, experimental investigation, explanation of natural phenomena

95
Q

if the prediction of the hypothesis is incorrect…

if the prediction of the hypothesis is correct…

A

the hypothesis has been proven false
the hypothesis is consistent with known data

96
Q

what is a theory?

A

a broad explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is supported by a large body of evidence

97
Q

what do theories incorporate?

A

observations, hypothesis testing, and other disciplines of science such as physics and chemistry

98
Q

what does a theory establish and explain?

A

they establish a set of ideas and explain a vast amount of data that offers valid predictions that can be tested

99
Q

discovery based science is…

A

collection and analysis of data without a preconceived hypothesis. these observations may lead to the formation of new hypotheses or discoveries

100
Q

hypothesis based science and the scientific method is…

A

when observations are made about a certain biological process. a hypothesis is made that explains the observations. a good hypothesis will make testable predictions and experiments are performed to test them. the data is analyzed and the hypothesis is considered consistent with the data or false

101
Q

experimental design is…

A

a controlled experiment where it contains two groups (the control and experimental), that vary in only one factor that is being tested. there are multiple organisms in each group and the data is analyzed to determine if the two groups are SIGNIFICANTLY different from each other.

102
Q

what is Koch’s postulates?

A

the suspected pathogen must be present in every case of the disease. then the pathogen must be isolated from the host and grown in a lab dish. the disease must reproduced when a pure culture of the pathogen is inoculated into a healthy host. the same pathogen must be recovered again from the experimentally infected host.

103
Q

what is a double blind study?

A

neither the doctors nor the patients know which medication they are given to not screw the results

BIO 1200 (17 decks)

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