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Medical Terminology > Chapter 17: Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Chapter 17: Eye and Ear Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cornea

A

transparent tissue that covers the pupil and iris

+ it begins to “bend” the light so it can focus on the retina

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2
Q

pupil

A

opening of the eye

+ allows the light in

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3
Q

conjunctiva

A

membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelid and anterior portion of eyeball.
+ has no blood supply, but receives nourishment from nearby sclera.

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4
Q

sclera

A

the white of the eye

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5
Q

choroid

A

membrane inside the sclera

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6
Q

iris

A

smooth colored portion of the eye

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7
Q

lens

A

“flexible” clear tissue that further “bends” the light.

+ ciliary bodies flatten or thicken the lens

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8
Q

vitreous chamber

A

contains a jelly-like substance.

+ helps shape the eye

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9
Q

anterior chamber

A

contains aqueous humor which also helps shape the eye.

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10
Q

retina

A

thin, delicate, sensitive nerve layer of eye.

+ has “rods” and “cones”

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11
Q

cones

A

function in bright light and responsible for color perception (problems may result in color blindness)

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12
Q

rods

A

function in dim light and responsible for “night vision” and peripheral vision

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13
Q

optic nerve

A

no light receptors; called the blind spot

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14
Q

macula

A

the location of the sharpest vision of the eye

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15
Q

aque/o

A

water, fluid

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16
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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17
Q

palpebr/o

A

eyelid

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18
Q

cor/o

pupill/o

A

pupil of eye

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19
Q

corne/o

A

cornea

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20
Q

kerat/o

A

cornea

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21
Q

cycl/o

A

ciliary body of eye

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22
Q

dacry/o

lacrim/o

A

tears

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23
Q

ir/o

irid/o

A

iris

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24
Q

ocul/o

ophthalm/o

A

eye

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25
Q

opt/o

optic/o

A

vision

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26
Q

phac/o

phak/o

A

lens of eye (phacoelmusification)

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27
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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28
Q

scler/o

A

sclera

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29
Q

uve/o

A

uvea

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30
Q

vitre/o

A

glass

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31
Q

ambly/o

A

dim, dull

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32
Q

dipl/o

A

two, double

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33
Q

glauc/o

A

gray

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34
Q

mi/o

A

smaller, less

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35
Q

mydri/o

A

wide

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36
Q

nyct/o

A

night

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37
Q

phot/o

A

light

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38
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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39
Q

scot/o

A

darkness

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40
Q

xer/o

A

dry

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41
Q

-opia

A

vision condition

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42
Q

-opsia

A

vision condition

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43
Q

-tropia

A

to turn

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44
Q

accommodation (related to the eye)

A

normal adjustment of eye to focus on objects from far to near

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45
Q

fundus of eye (related to eye)

A

posterior, inner part of eye; visualized with ophthalmoscope

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46
Q

refraction (related to eye)

A

bending of light rays

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47
Q

astigmatism

A

defective curvature of cornea or lens of eye

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48
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

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49
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

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50
Q

presbyopia

A

impairment of vision due to old age

51
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of eyelid

+ note crusting on lid and lashes

52
Q

acute bacterial conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of conjunctiva

+ note pus and redness of sclera, this condition is very contagious

53
Q

anisocoria

A

without equal pupils

54
Q

lacrimal gland and ducts

A

pertaining to tear glands and ducts

55
Q

cataract

A 
clouding of the lens of the eye
\+ most commonly associated with aging
\+ may be present at birth
\+ may occur earlier if patient has DM
\+ may occur with prolonged high doses of corticosteroids
56
Q

chalazion

A

small, hard cyst - formed as result of chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland in eyelid

57
Q

glaucoma

A

caused by increased intraocular pressure which damages retina and optic nerve
+ loss of vision results
+ visual field restricted

58
Q

treatment for glaucoma

A 
eye drops (miotics) that relieve pressure by "shrinking" the size of the pupil
\+ OR, in severe cases, surgery, relieving intraocular pressure
59
Q

macular degeneration

A

macular degeneration

+ progressive damage to macula of retina

60
Q

Age-Related macular degeneration

A

Wet may be treated with laser photocoagulation

Dry has no treatment… only try to slow progression of disease.
+ take vitamin and mineral supplements and stop smoking

61
Q

Hordeolum (condition of eye)

A

localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of sebaceous gland in eyelid

62
Q

Nystagmus (condition of eye)

A

repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes (normal in newborns; may be indication of serious disease; also found in persons who are intoxicated)

63
Q

retinal detachment

A

two layers of retina separate from each other

caused by head trauma, bleeding, scarring from infection, or shrinkage of vitreous humor

treated by photocoagulation and scleral buckling

64
Q

strabismus

A

abnormal deviation of the eye
+ may be congenital

in adults, may be a sign of stroke

treatment - corrective lenses, surgery

65
Q

Ambly/opia

A

partial loss of vision

66
Q

dipl/opia

A

double vision

67
Q

fluorescein angiogram

A

IV dye injected followed by serial photographs of retina

68
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

examination of the interior of the eye

visual examination of the eye with an instrument

69
Q

slit lamp microscopy

A

measures intraocular pressure (tonometry)

70
Q

visual acuity test

A

snellen test

71
Q

visual field test

A

eye fixed, looking straight ahead

72
Q

keratoplasty

A

surgical repair of the cornea (corneal transplant)

73
Q

lasik surgery

A

use of excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)

74
Q

phacoemulsification

A

ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; the pieces are then aspirated throughout eh ultrasonic probe

75
Q

scleral buckling

A

retinal detachment surgery holding together the detached retina tear with a silicone sponge and encircling band

76
Q

retinoblastoma

A

(malignant) tumor of the developing/immature cell of the retina. this is a rare tumor found in children
treatment: enucleation, laser, photocoagulation, radiation, chemotherapy

77
Q

ophthalmologist (MD)

A

specialist who diagnoses and treats conditions of the eyes

78
Q

ophthalmology

A

study of the eye

79
Q

optometrist (OD)

A

measures visual acuity and visual field

80
Q

optic

A

pertaining to vision

81
Q

optician

A

one who makes and dispense lenses

82
Q

pseudophakia

A

false lens (inserted after cataract extraction)

83
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

is a damaged retina in the eye caused by weak blood vessels as a result of diabetes

84
Q

miotic

A

eye medication that shrinks the pupil (makes it small)

85
Q

mydriatic

A

eye medication that dilates the iris (makes the pupil large)

86
Q

pinna (outer ear)

A

external auditory meatus leads from pinna to eardrum

+ it is lined with glands that secrete ear wax

87
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax

88
Q

tympanic membrane (in middle ear)

A

eardrum

89
Q

ossicles (in middle ear)

A

conduct sound waves (3 bones)
+ malleus
+ incus
+ stapes

90
Q

oval window (in middle ear)

A

separates middle ear from inner ear

91
Q

eustachian tube (in middle ear)

A

canal leading from middle ear to pharynx

92
Q

labyrinth (in inner ear)

A

filled with liquids

93
Q

cochlea (in inner ear)

A

filled with liquids

94
Q

organ of Corti

A

tiny hair fibers relay sound to auditory nerve

95
Q

vestibule

A

connected to cochlea & has semicircular canals which help for balance

96
Q

acous/o

A

hearing

97
Q

audi/o

audit/o

A

hearing

98
Q

aur/o

auricul/o

A

ear

99
Q

cochle/o

A

cochlea

100
Q

mastoid/o

A

mastoid process

101
Q

myring/o

tympan/o

A

ear drum

102
Q

ossicul/o

A

ossicles, small bones

103
Q

ot/o

A

ear

104
Q

salping/o

A

tube

105
Q

staped/o

A

stapes

106
Q

vestibu/o

A

vestibule

107
Q
  • acusis

- cusis

A

hearing

108
Q

-meter

A

instrument to measure

109
Q

-otia

A

ear condition

110
Q

stapedectomy

A

removal of the stapes
+ surgical treatment for otosclerosis (hardening of stapes in oval window)
+ veingraft & prosthesis

111
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

benign tumor arising from acoustic nerve

112
Q

cholesteatoma

A

collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within middle ear

113
Q

menière disease

A

disorder of labyrinth; elevated endolymph pressure and semicircular canals

114
Q

otitis media

A

inflammation of middle ear

115
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing of the ear

116
Q

vertigo

A

dizziness

117
Q

otologist (MD)

A

physician who specializes in treating conditions of the ear

118
Q

audiologist

A

specialist (not an MD) who administers hearing tests

+ works with audiometers, tuning forks, hearing aids

119
Q

audiometer

A

instrument to measure hearing

120
Q

audiogram

A

record of hearing

121
Q

audiometry

A

measurement of hearing

122
Q

otoscopy

A

visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope

123
Q

tuning fork test

A

tests ear conduction

124
Q

cochlear implants

A

for people who are born deaf

+ helps conduct sounds

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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