Chapter 17: Eye and Ear Flashcards
cornea
transparent tissue that covers the pupil and iris
+ it begins to “bend” the light so it can focus on the retina
pupil
opening of the eye
+ allows the light in
conjunctiva
membrane lining the inner surface of the eyelid and anterior portion of eyeball.
+ has no blood supply, but receives nourishment from nearby sclera.
sclera
the white of the eye
choroid
membrane inside the sclera
iris
smooth colored portion of the eye
lens
“flexible” clear tissue that further “bends” the light.
+ ciliary bodies flatten or thicken the lens
vitreous chamber
contains a jelly-like substance.
+ helps shape the eye
anterior chamber
contains aqueous humor which also helps shape the eye.
retina
thin, delicate, sensitive nerve layer of eye.
+ has “rods” and “cones”
cones
function in bright light and responsible for color perception (problems may result in color blindness)
rods
function in dim light and responsible for “night vision” and peripheral vision
optic nerve
no light receptors; called the blind spot
macula
the location of the sharpest vision of the eye
aque/o
water, fluid
blephar/o
eyelid
palpebr/o
eyelid
cor/o
pupill/o
pupil of eye
corne/o
cornea
kerat/o
cornea
cycl/o
ciliary body of eye
dacry/o
lacrim/o
tears
ir/o
irid/o
iris
ocul/o
ophthalm/o
eye
opt/o
optic/o
vision
phac/o
phak/o
lens of eye (phacoelmusification)
retin/o
retina
scler/o
sclera
uve/o
uvea
vitre/o
glass
ambly/o
dim, dull
dipl/o
two, double
glauc/o
gray
mi/o
smaller, less
mydri/o
wide
nyct/o
night
phot/o
light
presby/o
old age
scot/o
darkness
xer/o
dry
-opia
vision condition
-opsia
vision condition
-tropia
to turn
accommodation (related to the eye)
normal adjustment of eye to focus on objects from far to near
fundus of eye (related to eye)
posterior, inner part of eye; visualized with ophthalmoscope
refraction (related to eye)
bending of light rays
astigmatism
defective curvature of cornea or lens of eye
hyperopia
farsightedness
myopia
nearsightedness
presbyopia
impairment of vision due to old age
blepharitis
inflammation of eyelid
+ note crusting on lid and lashes
acute bacterial conjunctivitis
inflammation of conjunctiva
+ note pus and redness of sclera, this condition is very contagious
anisocoria
without equal pupils
lacrimal gland and ducts
pertaining to tear glands and ducts
cataract
clouding of the lens of the eye \+ most commonly associated with aging \+ may be present at birth \+ may occur earlier if patient has DM \+ may occur with prolonged high doses of corticosteroids
chalazion
small, hard cyst - formed as result of chronic inflammation of sebaceous gland in eyelid
glaucoma
caused by increased intraocular pressure which damages retina and optic nerve
+ loss of vision results
+ visual field restricted
treatment for glaucoma
eye drops (miotics) that relieve pressure by "shrinking" the size of the pupil \+ OR, in severe cases, surgery, relieving intraocular pressure
macular degeneration
macular degeneration
+ progressive damage to macula of retina
Age-Related macular degeneration
Wet may be treated with laser photocoagulation
Dry has no treatment… only try to slow progression of disease.
+ take vitamin and mineral supplements and stop smoking
Hordeolum (condition of eye)
localized, purulent, inflammatory staphylococcal infection of sebaceous gland in eyelid
Nystagmus (condition of eye)
repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes (normal in newborns; may be indication of serious disease; also found in persons who are intoxicated)
retinal detachment
two layers of retina separate from each other
caused by head trauma, bleeding, scarring from infection, or shrinkage of vitreous humor
treated by photocoagulation and scleral buckling
strabismus
abnormal deviation of the eye
+ may be congenital
in adults, may be a sign of stroke
treatment - corrective lenses, surgery
Ambly/opia
partial loss of vision
dipl/opia
double vision
fluorescein angiogram
IV dye injected followed by serial photographs of retina
ophthalmoscopy
examination of the interior of the eye
visual examination of the eye with an instrument
slit lamp microscopy
measures intraocular pressure (tonometry)
visual acuity test
snellen test
visual field test
eye fixed, looking straight ahead
keratoplasty
surgical repair of the cornea (corneal transplant)
lasik surgery
use of excimer laser to correct errors of refraction (myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism)
phacoemulsification
ultrasonic vibrations break up the lens; the pieces are then aspirated throughout eh ultrasonic probe
scleral buckling
retinal detachment surgery holding together the detached retina tear with a silicone sponge and encircling band
retinoblastoma
(malignant) tumor of the developing/immature cell of the retina. this is a rare tumor found in children
treatment: enucleation, laser, photocoagulation, radiation, chemotherapy
ophthalmologist (MD)
specialist who diagnoses and treats conditions of the eyes
ophthalmology
study of the eye
optometrist (OD)
measures visual acuity and visual field
optic
pertaining to vision
optician
one who makes and dispense lenses
pseudophakia
false lens (inserted after cataract extraction)
diabetic retinopathy
is a damaged retina in the eye caused by weak blood vessels as a result of diabetes
miotic
eye medication that shrinks the pupil (makes it small)
mydriatic
eye medication that dilates the iris (makes the pupil large)
pinna (outer ear)
external auditory meatus leads from pinna to eardrum
+ it is lined with glands that secrete ear wax
cerumen
ear wax
tympanic membrane (in middle ear)
eardrum
ossicles (in middle ear)
conduct sound waves (3 bones)
+ malleus
+ incus
+ stapes
oval window (in middle ear)
separates middle ear from inner ear
eustachian tube (in middle ear)
canal leading from middle ear to pharynx
labyrinth (in inner ear)
filled with liquids
cochlea (in inner ear)
filled with liquids
organ of Corti
tiny hair fibers relay sound to auditory nerve
vestibule
connected to cochlea & has semicircular canals which help for balance
acous/o
hearing
audi/o
audit/o
hearing
aur/o
auricul/o
ear
cochle/o
cochlea
mastoid/o
mastoid process
myring/o
tympan/o
ear drum
ossicul/o
ossicles, small bones
ot/o
ear
salping/o
tube
staped/o
stapes
vestibu/o
vestibule
- acusis
- cusis
hearing
-meter
instrument to measure
-otia
ear condition
stapedectomy
removal of the stapes
+ surgical treatment for otosclerosis (hardening of stapes in oval window)
+ veingraft & prosthesis
acoustic neuroma
benign tumor arising from acoustic nerve
cholesteatoma
collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within middle ear
menière disease
disorder of labyrinth; elevated endolymph pressure and semicircular canals
otitis media
inflammation of middle ear
tinnitus
ringing of the ear
vertigo
dizziness
otologist (MD)
physician who specializes in treating conditions of the ear
audiologist
specialist (not an MD) who administers hearing tests
+ works with audiometers, tuning forks, hearing aids
audiometer
instrument to measure hearing
audiogram
record of hearing
audiometry
measurement of hearing
otoscopy
visual examination of the ear canal with an otoscope
tuning fork test
tests ear conduction
cochlear implants
for people who are born deaf
+ helps conduct sounds
