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Medical Terminology > Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bone

A

organs composed of connective tissue

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2
Q

osteoblasts

A

immature bone cells

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3
Q

osteoclasts

A

bone cells that function to reabsorb bony tissue

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4
Q

joints

A

place where bones come together

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5
Q

muscles

A

responsible for movement

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6
Q

tendons

A

connect muscle to bone

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7
Q

ligaments

A

connect bone to bone

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8
Q

MD (orthopedists)

A

physicians who treat (surgically and medically, bone, joint and muscle conditions)

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9
Q

DO (orthopedists)

A

similar to MD; can perform surgery and medically

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10
Q

DC chiropractor

A

not an MD; manipulates spinal column

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11
Q

physical therapist

A

has MS or PhD who develops treatment plan based o physician’s diagnosis

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12
Q

athletic trainer

A

works with physician to provide intervention and rehab for sports injuries (must have a BS)

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13
Q

epiphysis

A

end of bone

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14
Q

diaphysis

A

middle region of bone

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15
Q

periosteum

A

surrounds the bone

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16
Q

metaphysis

A

flared portion of bone lying between epiphysis and diaphysis

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17
Q

cancellous

A

spongy bone

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18
Q

compact

A

dense bone

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19
Q

fontanelles

A

soft spots found in infants

+ up to 2-3 years old

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20
Q

sutures

A

joint in the skull

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21
Q

foramen magnum

A

where the spinal cord goes through the skull

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22
Q

mandible

A

jaw bone

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23
Q

maxilla

A

upper lip bone

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24
Q

zygomatic

A

cheek bone

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25
Q

intervertebral disc

A

pad of cartilage which absorbs shock and provides flexibility to vertebrae

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26
Q

lamina

A

flat plate between each transverse process

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27
Q

transverse process

A

on each side of spinous process

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28
Q

spinal canal

A

space for spinal cord

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29
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

c1 - c7

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30
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

t1 - t12

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31
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

l1 - l5

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32
Q

sacral vertebrae

A

sacrum

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33
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

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34
Q

clavic/o

clavicul/o

A

clavicle

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35
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

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36
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

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37
Q

cost/o

A

ribs

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38
Q

humer/o

A

humerus

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39
Q

uln/o

A

ulna

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40
Q

radi/o

A

radius

x-ray

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41
Q

carp/o

A

carpals

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42
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals

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43
Q

phalang/o

A

fingers/toes

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44
Q

femor/o

A

femur

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45
Q

patell/o

A

patella

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46
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

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47
Q

fibul/o

A

fibula

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48
Q

tars/o

A

tarsal

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49
Q

calc/o

calci/o

A

calcium

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50
Q

lamin/o

A

lamina (thin, flat plate)

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51
Q

lord/o

A

swayback (anterior curve of lumbar region)

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52
Q

lumb/o

A

loins, lower back

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53
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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54
Q

-listhesis

A

displacement, slipping

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55
Q

kyph/o

A

humpback (posterior curve of thoracic region)

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56
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal condition of humpback of thoracic region

+ due to osteoporosis

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57
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal condition of swayback of lumbar region

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58
Q

orth/o

A

straight, upright

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59
Q

oste/o

A

bone

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60
Q

scoli/o

A

twisted or crooked

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61
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebra

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62
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

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63
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal condition of crooked, bent (lateral curvature) of spine

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64
Q

-blast

A

embryonic, immature

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65
Q

-clast

A

something that breaks

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66
Q

-malacia

A

softening (of tissue)

67
Q

-physis

A

to grow, growing, growth

68
Q

-porosis

A

porous

69
Q

-tome

A

instrument to cut

70
Q

acetabul/o

A

acetabulum (hip socket)

71
Q

calcane/o

A

calcaneus (heel bone)

72
Q

carp/o

A

wrist bone

73
Q

olecran/o

A

olecranon fossa (in elbow)

74
Q

crani/o

A

skull

75
Q

ili/o

A

ilium

76
Q

ischi/o

A

ischium (hip bone)

77
Q

malleol/o

A

malleolus

78
Q

mandibu/o

A

mandible

79
Q

maxill/o

A

maxilla

80
Q

metacarp/o

A

metacarpals (hand bones)

81
Q

pelv/o

pelv/i

A

pelvis

82
Q

perone/o

A

peroneum (tibia)

83
Q

pub/o

A

pubis, pubic bone

84
Q

scapul/o

A

scapula

85
Q

stern/o

A

sternum

86
Q

tars/o

A

hind foot (ankle bones)

87
Q

tibi/o

A

tibia

88
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in bone (usually in children)

89
Q

exostosis

A

bone spur

90
Q

fractures

A

breaking of bone

91
Q

simple fracture

A

broken bone, no open wound

92
Q

compound fracture

A

broken bone, bone protrude through open wound in skin

93
Q

compression fracture

A

crushing

94
Q

comminuted fracture

A

break with pieces of bone in area

95
Q

osteosarcoma

A
  • tumor of bone flesh

- tumor (malignant) arising from osteoblasts

96
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone density with thinning and weakening of bone

97
Q

osteopenia

A

bone mineral density lower than normal

98
Q

synovial membrane

A

lines synovial cavity

99
Q

synovial fluid

A

contains water and nutrients that nourish/lubricate joints

100
Q

meniscus

A

crescent-shpaed fibrocartilaginous which acts as a protective cushion

101
Q

bursa

A

sacs of synovial fluid; serve as layer of lubrication between tissues

102
Q

ankyl/o

A

bent, crooked, stiff

103
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

104
Q

articul/o

A

joint

105
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

106
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

107
Q

ligament/o

A

ligament

108
Q

rheumat/o

A

water flow, refers to joint fluids

109
Q

synovi/o

A

synovial

110
Q

ten/o

tendin/o

A

tendon

111
Q

-desis

A

bind, tie together

112
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, tightening

113
Q

spinal stenosis

A

spinal canal narrows

+ effects of aging due to wear and tear

114
Q

arthritis

A

inflammation of joint

115
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of spinal joints, primarily spine

116
Q

osteoarthritis (OA)

A

progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone

117
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain

- autoimmune reaction against joints (esp synovial membrane)

118
Q

bunion

A

enlargement of bone or tissue around joint at base of big toe

119
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression of median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament and bones and tendons of wrist

120
Q

ganglion cyst

A

fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons

121
Q

herniated disk

A

abnormal protrusion of intervertebral disk into spinal canal or spinal nerves

122
Q

lyme disease

A

chronic recurrent disorder with arthritis, myalgia, and malaise caused by bacteria carried by a tick

123
Q

rhabd/o

A

striated muscle

124
Q

lei/o

A

smooth muscle

125
Q

cardi/o

A

heart (muscle)

126
Q

flexion

A

bending a limb

127
Q

extension

A

straightening out a limb

128
Q

abduction

A

movement away from body midline

129
Q

adduction

A

movement toward body midline

130
Q

rotation

A

movement around an axis

131
Q

dorsiflexion

A

moving for upward toward knee

132
Q

plantar flexion

A

moving foot downward toward ground

133
Q

supination

A

elbow bent, turn palm up

134
Q

pronation

A

elbow bent, turn palm down

135
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

136
Q

leiomy/o

A

smooth muscle

137
Q

my/o

myos/o

A

muscle

138
Q

mycardi/o

A

heart muscle

139
Q

plant/o

A

sole of foot

140
Q

rhabomy/o

A

striped muscle

141
Q

sarc/o

A

flesth

142
Q

-asthenia

A

weakness, lack of strength

143
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

144
Q

ab-

A

away from

145
Q

ad-

A

toward

146
Q

dorsi-

A

back

147
Q

poly-

A

many

148
Q

athrocentesis

A

surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from joint

149
Q

arthrograhy

A

taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint
- process of recording joints

150
Q

arthroplasty

A

surgical repair or replacement of a joint

151
Q

arthroscopy

A

process of visual examination of joint

152
Q

bone density

A

low energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist
+ measure bone mass

153
Q

bone scan

A

radioactive iodine injected IV and nuclear medicine physician uses special scanning device to detect areas of increased uptake

154
Q

craniotome

A

instrument to cut the skull

155
Q

hypercalcemia

A

excessive calcium in the blood

156
Q

laminectomy

A

excision of the lamina

157
Q

osteodystrophy

A

abnormal growth of the bone

158
Q

subcostal

A

pertaining to below the ribs

159
Q

ankylosis

A

abnormal condition of being bent, crooked or stiff

160
Q

atrophy

A

without, no growth

161
Q

hypertrophy

A

excessive growth

162
Q

myopathy

A

disease of the muscle

163
Q

tendinitis

A

inflammation of the tendon

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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