Chapter 15: Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Bone
organs composed of connective tissue
osteoblasts
immature bone cells
osteoclasts
bone cells that function to reabsorb bony tissue
joints
place where bones come together
muscles
responsible for movement
tendons
connect muscle to bone
ligaments
connect bone to bone
MD (orthopedists)
physicians who treat (surgically and medically, bone, joint and muscle conditions)
DO (orthopedists)
similar to MD; can perform surgery and medically
DC chiropractor
not an MD; manipulates spinal column
physical therapist
has MS or PhD who develops treatment plan based o physician’s diagnosis
athletic trainer
works with physician to provide intervention and rehab for sports injuries (must have a BS)
epiphysis
end of bone
diaphysis
middle region of bone
periosteum
surrounds the bone
metaphysis
flared portion of bone lying between epiphysis and diaphysis
cancellous
spongy bone
compact
dense bone
fontanelles
soft spots found in infants
+ up to 2-3 years old
sutures
joint in the skull
foramen magnum
where the spinal cord goes through the skull
mandible
jaw bone
maxilla
upper lip bone
zygomatic
cheek bone
intervertebral disc
pad of cartilage which absorbs shock and provides flexibility to vertebrae
lamina
flat plate between each transverse process
transverse process
on each side of spinous process
spinal canal
space for spinal cord
cervical vertebrae
c1 - c7
thoracic vertebrae
t1 - t12
lumbar vertebrae
l1 - l5
sacral vertebrae
sacrum
coccyx
tailbone
clavic/o
clavicul/o
clavicle
scapul/o
scapula
stern/o
sternum
cost/o
ribs
humer/o
humerus
uln/o
ulna
radi/o
radius
x-ray
carp/o
carpals
metacarp/o
metacarpals
phalang/o
fingers/toes
femor/o
femur
patell/o
patella
tibi/o
tibia
fibul/o
fibula
tars/o
tarsal
calc/o
calci/o
calcium
lamin/o
lamina (thin, flat plate)
lord/o
swayback (anterior curve of lumbar region)
lumb/o
loins, lower back
myel/o
spinal cord, bone marrow
-listhesis
displacement, slipping
kyph/o
humpback (posterior curve of thoracic region)
kyphosis
abnormal condition of humpback of thoracic region
+ due to osteoporosis
lordosis
abnormal condition of swayback of lumbar region
orth/o
straight, upright
oste/o
bone
scoli/o
twisted or crooked
spondyl/o
vertebra
vertebr/o
vertebra
scoliosis
abnormal condition of crooked, bent (lateral curvature) of spine
-blast
embryonic, immature
-clast
something that breaks
-malacia
softening (of tissue)
-physis
to grow, growing, growth
-porosis
porous
-tome
instrument to cut
acetabul/o
acetabulum (hip socket)
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel bone)
carp/o
wrist bone
olecran/o
olecranon fossa (in elbow)
crani/o
skull
ili/o
ilium
ischi/o
ischium (hip bone)
malleol/o
malleolus
mandibu/o
mandible
maxill/o
maxilla
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
pelv/o
pelv/i
pelvis
perone/o
peroneum (tibia)
pub/o
pubis, pubic bone
scapul/o
scapula
stern/o
sternum
tars/o
hind foot (ankle bones)
tibi/o
tibia
Ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in bone (usually in children)
exostosis
bone spur
fractures
breaking of bone
simple fracture
broken bone, no open wound
compound fracture
broken bone, bone protrude through open wound in skin
compression fracture
crushing
comminuted fracture
break with pieces of bone in area
osteosarcoma
- tumor of bone flesh
- tumor (malignant) arising from osteoblasts
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density with thinning and weakening of bone
osteopenia
bone mineral density lower than normal
synovial membrane
lines synovial cavity
synovial fluid
contains water and nutrients that nourish/lubricate joints
meniscus
crescent-shpaed fibrocartilaginous which acts as a protective cushion
bursa
sacs of synovial fluid; serve as layer of lubrication between tissues
ankyl/o
bent, crooked, stiff
arthr/o
joint
articul/o
joint
burs/o
bursa
chondr/o
cartilage
ligament/o
ligament
rheumat/o
water flow, refers to joint fluids
synovi/o
synovial
ten/o
tendin/o
tendon
-desis
bind, tie together
-stenosis
narrowing, tightening
spinal stenosis
spinal canal narrows
+ effects of aging due to wear and tear
arthritis
inflammation of joint
ankylosing spondylitis
chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of spinal joints, primarily spine
osteoarthritis (OA)
progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain
- autoimmune reaction against joints (esp synovial membrane)
bunion
enlargement of bone or tissue around joint at base of big toe
carpal tunnel syndrome
compression of median nerve as it passes between the transverse ligament and bones and tendons of wrist
ganglion cyst
fluid filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons
herniated disk
abnormal protrusion of intervertebral disk into spinal canal or spinal nerves
lyme disease
chronic recurrent disorder with arthritis, myalgia, and malaise caused by bacteria carried by a tick
rhabd/o
striated muscle
lei/o
smooth muscle
cardi/o
heart (muscle)
flexion
bending a limb
extension
straightening out a limb
abduction
movement away from body midline
adduction
movement toward body midline
rotation
movement around an axis
dorsiflexion
moving for upward toward knee
plantar flexion
moving foot downward toward ground
supination
elbow bent, turn palm up
pronation
elbow bent, turn palm down
fasci/o
fascia
leiomy/o
smooth muscle
my/o
myos/o
muscle
mycardi/o
heart muscle
plant/o
sole of foot
rhabomy/o
striped muscle
sarc/o
flesth
-asthenia
weakness, lack of strength
-trophy
development, nourishment
ab-
away from
ad-
toward
dorsi-
back
poly-
many
athrocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from joint
arthrograhy
taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into a joint
- process of recording joints
arthroplasty
surgical repair or replacement of a joint
arthroscopy
process of visual examination of joint
bone density
low energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist
+ measure bone mass
bone scan
radioactive iodine injected IV and nuclear medicine physician uses special scanning device to detect areas of increased uptake
craniotome
instrument to cut the skull
hypercalcemia
excessive calcium in the blood
laminectomy
excision of the lamina
osteodystrophy
abnormal growth of the bone
subcostal
pertaining to below the ribs
ankylosis
abnormal condition of being bent, crooked or stiff
atrophy
without, no growth
hypertrophy
excessive growth
myopathy
disease of the muscle
tendinitis
inflammation of the tendon
