Chapter 13: Blood System Flashcards
all blood cells originate from:
hematopoietic stem cell
erythrocytes
originate in bone marrow and contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen
erythropoietin
a hormone made from kidney stimulates production of RBC
Leukocytes
Neutrophils Lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophils Basophils
lymphocytes
play role in the immune response. they directly attack foreign matter and make antibodies that neutralize and destroy foreign antigens (bacteria and viruses)
monocytes
are phagocytic and dispose of dead and dying cells and other tissue debris
platelets
main function is in the clotting process
plasma
liquid part of blood contains water, dissolved proteins, sugar, wastes, salts, hormones, and other substances
four major plasma proteins
albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
prothrombin
albumin
attracts water from tissues back into bloodstream (affected by salt intake and burns)
globulins
alpha, beta, gamma
fibrinogen and prothrombin
involved in clotting
gamma globulin
are immunoglobulins. which are antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens
- IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
-apheresis
removal, carrying away (plasmapheresis)
-phoresis
removal, carrying away (electrophoresis)
hemolysis
breakdown of red blood cells (separating or dissolution of blood… can occur when transfused blood isn’t compatible)
DIC
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation = excessive clotting
bas/o
base
chrom/o
color
coagul/o
clotting
cyt/o
cell
eosin/o
red, dawn, rosy
erythr/o
red
granul/o
granules
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
hemoglobin/o
hemoglobin
is/o
same, equal
kary/o
nucleus
leuk/o
white
mon/o
one, single
morph/o
shape
myel/o
bone marrow
neutr/o
neutrophil
nucle/o
nucleus
phag/o
eat, swallow
poikil/o
varied, irregular
sider/o
iron
spher/o
globe, round
thromb/o
clot, clotting
-apheresis
removal, carrying away
-blast
embryonic,
-cytosis
increase in # of cells
-emia
blood condition
-gen
producing
-globin
protein
-globulin
plasma protein
-lytic
pertaining to destruction
-oid
resembling
-osis
abnormal condition
-penia
deficiency, decreasing
-phage
eat, swallow
-philia
attraction
-phoresis
carrying, transmission
-poiesis
formation
-stasis
controlling, stopping
anemia
deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin
aplastic anemia
failure of blood cell production in bone marrow
hemolytic anemia
reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction
pernicious anemia
cannot absorb vitamin b12
sickle cell anemia
abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shaped RBCs and hemolysis
thalassemia
abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia
hemochromatosis
excess iron deposits throughout the body (can be hereditary)
polycythemia vera
general increase in red blood cells resulting in “thick blood”
hemophilia
excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX in blood (trait is carried in the X chromosome)
Leukemia
increase in cancerous white blood cells
- AML (acute myeloid leukemia)
- ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
- CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
- CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia)
granulocytosis
Abnormal increase in granulocytes
mononucleosis
Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarge cervical lymph nodes
multiple myeloma
malignant neoplasms of bone marrow
apheresis
Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from blood
blood transfusion
whole blood or red cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient
leukapheresis
removal of large numbers of white blood cells and returns red cells, platelets, and plasma to the patient
bone marrow aspiration
Removal of bone marrow for examining under a microscope
bone marrow biopsy
solid piece of bone marrow (biopsy sample) is extracted through a needle
cytology
Study of cells
