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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13: Blood System > Flashcards

Chapter 13: Blood System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

all blood cells originate from:

A

hematopoietic stem cell

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2
Q

erythrocytes

A

originate in bone marrow and contain hemoglobin which carries oxygen

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3
Q

erythropoietin

A

a hormone made from kidney stimulates production of RBC

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4
Q

Leukocytes

A 
Neutrophils
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophils
Basophils
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5
Q

lymphocytes

A

play role in the immune response. they directly attack foreign matter and make antibodies that neutralize and destroy foreign antigens (bacteria and viruses)

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6
Q

monocytes

A

are phagocytic and dispose of dead and dying cells and other tissue debris

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7
Q

platelets

A

main function is in the clotting process

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8
Q

plasma

A

liquid part of blood contains water, dissolved proteins, sugar, wastes, salts, hormones, and other substances

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9
Q

four major plasma proteins

A

albumin
globulins
fibrinogen
prothrombin

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10
Q

albumin

A

attracts water from tissues back into bloodstream (affected by salt intake and burns)

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11
Q

globulins

A

alpha, beta, gamma

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12
Q

fibrinogen and prothrombin

A

involved in clotting

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13
Q

gamma globulin

A

are immunoglobulins. which are antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens
- IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE

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14
Q

-apheresis

A

removal, carrying away (plasmapheresis)

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15
Q

-phoresis

A

removal, carrying away (electrophoresis)

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16
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown of red blood cells (separating or dissolution of blood… can occur when transfused blood isn’t compatible)

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17
Q

DIC

A

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation = excessive clotting

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18
Q

bas/o

A

base

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19
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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20
Q

coagul/o

A

clotting

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21
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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22
Q

eosin/o

A

red, dawn, rosy

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23
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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24
Q

granul/o

A

granules

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25
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood

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26
Q

hemoglobin/o

A

hemoglobin

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27
Q

is/o

A

same, equal

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28
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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29
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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30
Q

mon/o

A

one, single

31
Q

morph/o

A

shape

32
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

33
Q

neutr/o

A

neutrophil

34
Q

nucle/o

A

nucleus

35
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

36
Q

poikil/o

A

varied, irregular

37
Q

sider/o

A

iron

38
Q

spher/o

A

globe, round

39
Q

thromb/o

A

clot, clotting

40
Q

-apheresis

A

removal, carrying away

41
Q

-blast

A

embryonic,

42
Q

-cytosis

A

increase in # of cells

43
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

44
Q

-gen

A

producing

45
Q

-globin

A

protein

46
Q

-globulin

A

plasma protein

47
Q

-lytic

A

pertaining to destruction

48
Q

-oid

A

resembling

49
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

50
Q

-penia

A

deficiency, decreasing

51
Q

-phage

A

eat, swallow

52
Q

-philia

A

attraction

53
Q

-phoresis

A

carrying, transmission

54
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

55
Q

-stasis

A

controlling, stopping

56
Q

anemia

A

deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin

57
Q

aplastic anemia

A

failure of blood cell production in bone marrow

58
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

reduction in red cells due to excessive destruction

59
Q

pernicious anemia

A

cannot absorb vitamin b12

60
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

abnormal hemoglobin producing sickle shaped RBCs and hemolysis

61
Q

thalassemia

A

abnormal hemoglobin production leading to hypochromia

62
Q

hemochromatosis

A

excess iron deposits throughout the body (can be hereditary)

63
Q

polycythemia vera

A

general increase in red blood cells resulting in “thick blood”

64
Q

hemophilia

A

excessive bleeding caused by hereditary lack of factors VIII and IX in blood (trait is carried in the X chromosome)

65
Q

Leukemia

A

increase in cancerous white blood cells

  • AML (acute myeloid leukemia)
  • ALL (acute lymphoid leukemia)
  • CML (chronic myeloid leukemia)
  • CLL (chronic lymphoid leukemia)
66
Q

granulocytosis

A

Abnormal increase in granulocytes

67
Q

mononucleosis

A

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of mononuclear leukocytes and enlarge cervical lymph nodes

68
Q

multiple myeloma

A

malignant neoplasms of bone marrow

69
Q

apheresis

A

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select portion from blood

70
Q

blood transfusion

A

whole blood or red cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient

71
Q

leukapheresis

A

removal of large numbers of white blood cells and returns red cells, platelets, and plasma to the patient

72
Q

bone marrow aspiration

A

Removal of bone marrow for examining under a microscope

73
Q

bone marrow biopsy

A

solid piece of bone marrow (biopsy sample) is extracted through a needle

74
Q

cytology

A

Study of cells

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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