Chapter 11: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
systole
contraction (top number)
diastole
relaxation (bottom number)
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arter/o
artery
ateri/o
artery
ather/o
yellow, fatty plaque
atri/o
atrium
brachi/o
arm
cardi/o
heart
coron/o
heart
cholesterol/o
cholesterol
cyan/o
blue
myx/o
mucus
ox/o
oxygen
pericardi/o
tissue surrounding heart
phleb/o
vein
rrhythm/o
rhythm
sphygm/o
pulse
steth/o
chest
thromb/o
clot, clotting
valvul/o
valve
valv/o
valve
vas/o
vessel, ducts, vas deferens
vascul/o
vessel
ven/o
vein
ven/i
vein
ventricul/o
ventricle
arrhythmias
abnormal heart rhythms (aka dysrhythmias). these are all problems with the conduction of the electrical system of the heart.
bradycardia
tachycardia
slow heart beat
fast heart beat
atrial fibrillation
treated by drugs, cardioversion, and ablation
ablation
cryotherapy or heat to destroy “hot spots,” scarring the tissue so that the erratic signals are normalized.
ventricular fibrillation
what are treatments
random electrical impulses throughout the ventricles - may be life threatening.
- drugs, implantable devices (pacemakers), catheter ablation
congenital anomalies
- coarctation of the aorta
- patent ductus arteriosus
- septal defect
tetralogy of fallot
involves 4 distinct heart defects
- pulmonary artery stenosis
- ventricular septal defect
- shift of aorta to right overriding septal defect
- hypertrophied right ventricle
congested heart failure (CHF/HF)
heart is unable to pump the required amount of blood
coronary artery disease (CAD)
disease of the arteries surround the heart - usually the result of atherosclerosis
thrombotic occlusion
coronary artery blocked, leading to coronary artery ischemia (with result of decreased blood flow to the heart muscle)
acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
caused by myocardial ischemia
unstable angina
chest pain at rest or with increasing requency
NSTEMI
non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (non-occlusive thrombus)
STEMI
ST elevation myocardial infarction (occlusive thrombus)
endocarditis
inflammation within he heart (lining of the heart)
mitral valve prolapse
improper closure of the mitral valve (the mitral valve enlarges and droops into the left atrium during systole)
pericarditis
inflammation surround the heart
CABG
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
aneurysm
dilation (ballooning) of artery
DVT
deep vein thrombosis (blot clot forms in a large vein)
PAD
peripheral arterial disease (blockage of arteries to legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs)
Reynaud’s Disease
recurrent episode of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes.
varicose veins
abnormally swollen and twisted veins
endarterectomy
surgical removal of plaque from within the inner layer of an artery
PCI (stent)
percutaneous coronary intervention
