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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10: Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

neurons (1)

A

nerve cells which carry electrical messages

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2
Q

acetylcholine

A

chemical which activates the cell membranes of neurons

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3
Q

nervous impulses

A

travel along the neurons

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4
Q

central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

peripheral nervous system (1)

A

cranial nerves (12 pairs), spinal nerves (31 pairs), plexuses and peripheral nerves

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6
Q

plexus

A

large network of nerves in the peripheral nervous system

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7
Q

spinal and cranial nerves

A

contain sensory receptors (afferent) and motore receptors (efferent)

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8
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerve fibers that carry impulses way from the CNS to glands, heart, blood vessels, involuntary muscles.

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9
Q

sympathetic

A

stimulates body in times of stress/crisis

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10
Q

parasympathetic

A

slows down everything, except bowel and bladder

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11
Q

peripheral nervous system (2)

A

+ cranial nerves (12 pairs)
+ spinal nerves (31 pairs)
+ autonomic nerves (parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves)

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12
Q

neurons (2)

A

stimulus beings in the dendrite and travel in one direction from neuron to neuron

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13
Q

ganglion

A

small collection of nerve cells

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14
Q

axon

A

carries impulses away from the cell body

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15
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty tissue that insulates axons and speeds transmission of impulse

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16
Q

synapse

A

space where nerve impulse jumps from one neuron to another

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17
Q

neurotransmitter

A 
chemical substance
\+ acetylcholine
\+ norepinephrine
\+ epinephrine
\+ dopamine
\+ serotonin
\+ endorphins
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18
Q

glial cells

A

the supportive framework and help ward off infection

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19
Q

astroglial

A

blood brain barrier - protect nerve cells from potentially harmful substances

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20
Q

cerebrum

A

largest part, the thinking part of the brain

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21
Q

ventricles

A

containing watery fluid that flows throughout the Braine and around spinal cord

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22
Q

thalamus

A

relay station

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23
Q

hypothalamus

A 
\+ body temperature
\+ sleep
\+ appetite
\+ emotions
\+controls pituitary gland
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24
Q

cerebellum

A

coordination of voluntary movement and balance

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25
Q

pons and midbrain

A

connection of nerve and nerve fiber pathways

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26
Q

medulla oblongata

A

nerve fibers cross over left to right and right to left

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27
Q

gray matter and white matter (of the spinal cord)

A

carry messages to and from the brain

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28
Q

dura mater (of the meninges)

A

outermost layer of the meninges

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29
Q

arachnoid (of the meninges)

A

membrane layer of the meninges

30
Q

pia mater (of the meninges)

A

innermost layer of the meninges

31
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum

32
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

33
Q

dur/o

A

dura

34
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

35
Q

gli/o

A

glial cells

36
Q

lept/o

A

thin, slender

37
Q

mening/o

mening/i

A

meninges, membranes

38
Q

my/o

A

muscle

39
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

40
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

41
Q

pont/o

A

pons

42
Q

radicul/o

A

nerve root

43
Q

thalam/o

A

thalamus

44
Q

thec/o

A

sheath (refers to the meninges)

45
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

46
Q

alges/o

-algesia

A

sensitivity to pain

47
Q

-algia

A

pain

48
Q

caus/o

A

burning

49
Q

comat/o

A

deep sleep (coma)

50
Q

esthesi/o

-esthesia

A

feeling, nervous sensation

51
Q

kines/o

kinesi/o

A

movement

52
Q

-kinesia

kinesis

A

movement

53
Q

-kinetic

A

movement

54
Q

-lepsy

A

seizure

55
Q

lex/o

A

word, phrase

56
Q

-paresis

A

weakness

57
Q

-phasia

A

speech

58
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

59
Q

poli/o

A

gray matter

60
Q

-praxia

A

action

61
Q

-sthenia

A

strength

62
Q

syncop/o

A

cut off, cut short

63
Q

tax/o

A

order, coordination

64
Q

subdural

A

below the dura

65
Q

epidural

A

between skull and dura

66
Q

intracerebral

A

bleeding directly into brain tissue

67
Q

hydrocephalus (congenital disorders)

A

abnormal accumulation of CSF (fluid) in the brain

+ can also occur in adults as a result of tumors and infections

68
Q

spina bifida

A

no herniation

69
Q

meningocele

A

hernia of meninges

70
Q

myelomeningocele

A

hernia of meninges and spinal cord

Medical Terminology (21 decks)

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