Chapter 17

Question 1

Process by which information encoded in the DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

Answer 1

Gene expression

Question 2

Synthesis of RNA using a DNA template

Answer 2

Transcription

Question 3

Synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

Functions as a site of protein synthesis

Answer 4

Ribosome

Question 5

What is the difference between DNA and mRNA

Answer 5

DNA is double stranded while mRNA is single stranded, DNA is present in the nucleus while mRNA diffuses into the cytoplasm

Question 6

Three nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifics a particular amino acid or termination signal

Answer 6

Codon

Question 7

What does it mean for an amino acid to be proteinogenic?

Answer 7

Capable of producing proteins

Question 8

Specific nucleotide sequence in the DNA of a gene that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place

Answer 8

Promoter

Question 9

Regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes

Answer 9

Transcription factors

Question 10

Region of DNA from which the sequence was transcribed

Answer 10

Exon

Question 11

Noncoding intervening sequence within a primary that is removed from the transcript during RNA processing

Answer 11

Intron

Question 12

Splices RNA by interacting with the ends of an RNA intron

Answer 12

Spliceosome

Question 13

Nucleotides are switched around in the sequence

Answer 13

Substitution

Question 14

Nucleotides are added in the sequence

Answer 14

Insertion

Question 15

Nucleotides are deleted in the sequence

Answer 15

Deletion

Question 16

Carries a portion of the DNA code to other parts of the cell for processing

Answer 16

mRNA

Question 17

Helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein

Answer 17

tRNA

Question 18

Enzyme that attaches the appropriate amino acid onto its tRNA

Answer 18

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 19

How do transcription and translation differ among prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Answer 19

Because prokaryotes don’t have a nucleus, translation and transcription happen at the same time.

Question 20

Where does translation occur?

Answer 20

Cytoplasm

Question 21

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 21

Nucleus

Question 22

Different mRNA molecules are produced from the same primary transcript, depending on which RNA segments are treated as exons and introns

Answer 22

Alternative splicing

Question 23

Where are ribosomes manufactured?

Answer 23

Nucleolus and cytoplasm

Question 24

Which direction does transcription occur?

Answer 24

3’ to 5’

Question 25

How is the primary transcript modified prior to export from the nucleus?

Answer 25

3’ end gets a poly-A tail, 5’ gets a cap