Chapter 16

Question 1

Building blocks of a nucleic acid

Answer 1

Nucleotide

Question 2

DNA strand that provides the pattern for ordering, by complementary base pairing, the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript

Answer 2

Template Strand

Question 3

Run in 5’ to ‘3 direction

Answer 3

Antiparallel

Question 4

Discontinuously synthesized DNA strand that elongates by means of Okazaki fragments away from the replication fork

Answer 4

Lagging strand

Question 5

New complementary DNA strand synthesized continuously along the template strand towards the replication fork

Answer 5

Leading strand

Question 6

Enzyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at replication forks, separating the two strands and making them available as template strands

Answer 6

Helicase

Question 7

Enzyme that brings out the joining of two DNA strands by a phosphate ester linkage

Answer 7

Ligase

Question 8

Enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA by adding nucleotides to the 3’ end of a chain

Answer 8

DNA polymerase

Question 9

Enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make a primer

Answer 9

Primase

Question 10

Enzymes that cuts DNA or RNA

Answer 10

Nuclease

Question 11

Basic proteins found in chromatin

Answer 11

Histone

Question 12

Short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand; can be joined together to make up the lagging strand of the new synthesized DNA

Answer 12

Okazaki Fragments

Question 13

A self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes; the carrier of genetic information.

Answer 13

DNA

Question 14

Subunits run in opposite directions

Answer 14

Antiparallel

Question 15

Helps relieve the strain by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands

Answer 15

Topoisomerase