Chapter 14

Question 1

Heritable feature

Answer 1

Character

Question 2

Variant of a character

Answer 2

Trait

Question 3

Give rise to offspring that looks like the parent

Answer 3

True breeding

Question 4

Parent generation

Answer 4

P generation

Question 5

Filial (offspring generation) product of parents

Answer 5

F1

Question 6

2nd filial breeding

Answer 6

F2

Question 7

Offspring that results from the mating of individuals from two different species or from two true-breeding varieties from the same species

Answer 7

Hybrid

Question 8

Cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for the character being followed

Answer 8

Monohybrid cross

Question 9

Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype

Answer 9

Testcross

Question 10

Any of the alternative versions of a gene that may produce distinguishable phenotypic effects

Answer 10

Allele

Question 11

Genetic makeup/ set of alleles of an organism

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

Observable traits of an organism

Answer 12

Phenotype

Question 13

The two alleles separate from each other into different gametes during gamete formation

Answer 13

Law of segregation

Question 14

Each pair of alleles separate or assorts independently of each other during gamete formation

Answer 14

Law of independent assortment

Question 15

What are the 4 concepts that explain 3:1 ratio?

Answer 15

1. Genes come in different varieties
2. Dominant allele determines the organism’s appearance
3. For each character, you get 2 alleles, 1 from ea. parent
4. 2 alleles for a heritable character separate from each other during gamete formation and end up in different gametes

Question 16

Probabilities of outcomes between genotypes and phenotypes

Answer 16

Punnett square

Question 17

Heterozygote shows both phenotypes expressed

Answer 17

Codominance

Question 18

1 allele partialy “covers up” the other alleles

Answer 18

Incomplete dominance

Question 19

What is an example of codominance?

Answer 19

AB blood

Question 20

What is an example of incomplete dominance?

Answer 20

Having pink flowers after breeding red and white flowers

Question 21

Gene at one locus alters the phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus

Answer 21

Epistasis

Question 22

Ability of a single gene to have multiple effects

Answer 22

Pleiotropy

Question 23

What causes people to be resistant to malaria?

Answer 23

Sickle cells infected with plasmodium falciparum collapse and prevent the parasite from interfering with the cell’s actin proteins, protecting the host against malaria

Question 24

How is sickle cell anemia an example of pleiotropy?

Answer 24

It changes the shape of the blood cell, makes it resistant to malaria, etc

Question 25

How is sick cell anemia an example of incomplete dominance?

Answer 25

Both dominant and recessive traits are expressed which makes them resistant to malaria

Question 26

Stable oxidized form of hemoglobin that is unable to release oxygen to the tissues, produced in some inherited abnormalities and by oxidizing drugs.

Answer 26

Methemoglobin

Question 27

Reduces methemoglobin to hemoglobin

Answer 27

NADH methemoglobin reductase

Question 28

How is methemoglobinemia transmitted?

Answer 28

One parent or both parents can pass down the gene to the child