Chapter 16: Treatment of psychological disorders Flashcards
antianxiety drugs
psychotropic drugs that reduce tension and anxiety.
Antidepressant drugs
psychotropic drugs that lift the mood of depressed people.
antipsychotic drugs
psychotropic drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking.
aversion therapy
therapy designed to help clients to acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that the clients have been finding too attractive.
biological therapy
the use of physical and chemical procedures to help people overcome psychological difficulties.
catharsis
reliving of past repressed feelings as a means of settling internal conflicts and overcoming problems.
client-centred therapy
humanistic therapy designed to help clients experience unconditional positive regard and look at themselves honestly and acceptingly.
cognitive therapy
Beck’s cognitive therapy technique designed to help clients recognize and change their dysfunctional thoughts and ways of thinking.
community mental health treatment
treatment programs that emphasize community care, including an emphasis on prevention.
couple therapy or marital therapy
therapy format in which a therapist works with two people who are in a long-term relationship.
culture-sensitive therapies
approaches that seek to address the unique issues faced by members of cultural minority groups.
deep brain stimulation
a procedure in which implanted electrodes deliver constant low stimulation to a small area of the brain; used to treat severe depression, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy.
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
use of electric shock to trigger a brain seizure in hopes of relieving abnormal functioning.
empirically supported or evidence-based treatment movement
movement to help clinicians become more familiar with and apply research findings concerning the effectiveness of particular treatments.
family therapy
a format in which therapists meet with all members of a family to help the whole family to change.
free association
psychodynamic therapy technique of allowing clients to freely talk about whatever they want.
gender-sensitive or feminist therapies
approaches that seek to address the unique pressures of being female.
group therapy
psychotherapy format in which a therapist sees several clients at the same time.
individual therapy
psychotherapy format in which the therapist sees the client alone; the oldest of the modern formats.
lobotomy
surgical practice of cutting the connections between the frontal lobe and the lower centres of the brain.
mood stabilizing drugs
psychotropic drugs that help stabilize the moods of people suffering from bipolar disorder.
placebo
an inactive substance, such as a sugar pill or distilled water, that mimics a drug but has no active ingredients.
psychosurgery
brain surgery often used in hopes of relieving abnormal functioning.
psychotherapy
a treatment system in which a client and therapist use words and acts to overcome the client’s psychological difficulties.
psychotropic drugs
medications that act primarily on the brain.
rational-emotive behavioural therapy
Ellis’s therapy technique designed to help clients discover and change the irrational assumptions that govern their emotions, behaviours, and thinking.
relational psychoanalytic therapy
a school of psychodynamic therapy holding that therapists should work to form more equal relationships with clients.
resistance
practice in which clients encounter a block in their free associations or change the subject to avoid a potentially painful discussion.
self-help groups
groups consisting of people who have similar problems and come together to help and support one another without the direct leadership of a professional clinician.
social skills training
behavioural therapy technique in which therapists serve as models and teachers to help clients acquire desired social behaviours.
Therapy outcome studies
research that looks at the effects of various treatments.
token economy
operant conditioning therapy program in which participants receive tokens (that can be traded for rewards) when they display desired behaviours.
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
a procedure in which an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a person’s head sends a current into the prefrontal cortex; used to treat severe depression.
transference
process through which clients come to act and feel toward the therapist as they did toward important figures in their childhood.
treatment or therapy
systematic procedures designed to change abnormal behaviour into more normal behaviour.
trephining
prehistoric practice of chipping a hole in the skull as a treatment for various brain conditions.
vagus nerve stimulation
a procedure in which an implanted device sends electrical signals to the brain through the vagus nerve; used to treat severe depression.
