Chapter 16: Treatment of psychological disorders

Question 1

antianxiety drugs

Answer 1

psychotropic drugs that reduce tension and anxiety.

Question 2

Antidepressant drugs

Answer 2

psychotropic drugs that lift the mood of depressed people.

Question 3

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 3

psychotropic drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking.

Question 4

aversion therapy

Answer 4

therapy designed to help clients to acquire anxiety responses to stimuli that the clients have been finding too attractive.

Question 5

biological therapy

Answer 5

the use of physical and chemical procedures to help people overcome psychological difficulties.

Question 6

catharsis

Answer 6

reliving of past repressed feelings as a means of settling internal conflicts and overcoming problems.

Question 7

client-centred therapy

Answer 7

humanistic therapy designed to help clients experience unconditional positive regard and look at themselves honestly and acceptingly.

Question 8

cognitive therapy

Answer 8

Beck’s cognitive therapy technique designed to help clients recognize and change their dysfunctional thoughts and ways of thinking.

Question 9

community mental health treatment

Answer 9

treatment programs that emphasize community care, including an emphasis on prevention.

Question 10

couple therapy or marital therapy

Answer 10

therapy format in which a therapist works with two people who are in a long-term relationship.

Question 11

culture-sensitive therapies

Answer 11

approaches that seek to address the unique issues faced by members of cultural minority groups.

Question 12

deep brain stimulation

Answer 12

a procedure in which implanted electrodes deliver constant low stimulation to a small area of the brain; used to treat severe depression, Parkinson’s disease, and epilepsy.

Question 13

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Answer 13

use of electric shock to trigger a brain seizure in hopes of relieving abnormal functioning.

Question 14

empirically supported or evidence-based treatment movement

Answer 14

movement to help clinicians become more familiar with and apply research findings concerning the effectiveness of particular treatments.

Question 15

family therapy

Answer 15

a format in which therapists meet with all members of a family to help the whole family to change.

Question 16

free association

Answer 16

psychodynamic therapy technique of allowing clients to freely talk about whatever they want.

Question 17

gender-sensitive or feminist therapies

Answer 17

approaches that seek to address the unique pressures of being female.

Question 18

group therapy

Answer 18

psychotherapy format in which a therapist sees several clients at the same time.

Question 19

individual therapy

Answer 19

psychotherapy format in which the therapist sees the client alone; the oldest of the modern formats.

Question 20

lobotomy

Answer 20

surgical practice of cutting the connections between the frontal lobe and the lower centres of the brain.

Question 21

mood stabilizing drugs

Answer 21

psychotropic drugs that help stabilize the moods of people suffering from bipolar disorder.

Question 22

placebo

Answer 22

an inactive substance, such as a sugar pill or distilled water, that mimics a drug but has no active ingredients.

Question 23

psychosurgery

Answer 23

brain surgery often used in hopes of relieving abnormal functioning.

Question 24

psychotherapy

Answer 24

a treatment system in which a client and therapist use words and acts to overcome the client’s psychological difficulties.

Question 25

psychotropic drugs

Answer 25

medications that act primarily on the brain.

Question 26

rational-emotive behavioural therapy

Answer 26

Ellis’s therapy technique designed to help clients discover and change the irrational assumptions that govern their emotions, behaviours, and thinking.

Question 27

relational psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 27

a school of psychodynamic therapy holding that therapists should work to form more equal relationships with clients.

Question 28

resistance

Answer 28

practice in which clients encounter a block in their free associations or change the subject to avoid a potentially painful discussion.

Question 29

self-help groups

Answer 29

groups consisting of people who have similar problems and come together to help and support one another without the direct leadership of a professional clinician.

Question 30

social skills training

Answer 30

behavioural therapy technique in which therapists serve as models and teachers to help clients acquire desired social behaviours.

Question 31

Therapy outcome studies

Answer 31

research that looks at the effects of various treatments.

Question 32

token economy

Answer 32

operant conditioning therapy program in which participants receive tokens (that can be traded for rewards) when they display desired behaviours.

Question 33

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 33

a procedure in which an electromagnetic coil placed on or above a person’s head sends a current into the prefrontal cortex; used to treat severe depression.

Question 34

transference

Answer 34

process through which clients come to act and feel toward the therapist as they did toward important figures in their childhood.

Question 35

treatment or therapy

Answer 35

systematic procedures designed to change abnormal behaviour into more normal behaviour.

Question 36

trephining

Answer 36

prehistoric practice of chipping a hole in the skull as a treatment for various brain conditions.

Question 37

vagus nerve stimulation

Answer 37

a procedure in which an implanted device sends electrical signals to the brain through the vagus nerve; used to treat severe depression.