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Psychology > Chapter 16 - Treatment and Therapy > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Treatment and Therapy Flashcards

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1
Q

asylums

A
  • the first institutions created to house people with psychological disorders, but the focus was ostracizing them from society rather than treating them
  • started in 18th century
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2
Q

deinstitutionalization

A
  • the closing of large asylums, by providing for people to stay in their communities and be treated locally
  • started in the 1950s
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3
Q

involuntary treatment

A

to therapy that is not the individual’s choice

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4
Q

voluntary treatment

A

person chooses to attend therapy to obtain relief from symptoms

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5
Q

psychotherapy

A

a psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems

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6
Q

biomedical therapy

A

involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

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7
Q

free association

A
  • patient relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind at the moment
  • used in psychoanalysis/psychotherapy
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8
Q

dream analysis

A
  • a therapist interprets the underlying meaning of dreams
  • used in psychoanalysis/psychotherapy
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9
Q

transference

A

patient transfers all the positive or negative emotions associated with the patient’s other relationships to the psychoanalyst

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10
Q

play therapy

A
  • often used with children since they are not likely to sit on a couch and recall their dreams or engage in traditional talk therapy
  • type of psychotherapy
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11
Q

psychoanalysis

A

therapists help their patients look into their past to uncover repressed feelings

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12
Q

behavior therapy

A
  • a therapist employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors
  • will use techniques like classical/operant conditioning
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13
Q

counterconditioning

A
  • a client learns a new response to a stimulus that has previously elicited an undesirable behavior
  • technique used in behavioral therapy (ex. exposure therapy)
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14
Q

aversive conditioning

A
  • uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable behavior
  • technique used in behavioral therapy
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15
Q

exposure therapy

A
  • therapist seeks to treat clients’ fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with idea that they will get used to it
  • technique used in behavioral therapy
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16
Q

systematic desensitization

A
  • a person creates a hierarchy of anxiety, ranging from the least-anxiety-producing stimulus to the feared object
  • paired with relaxation techniques, then get exposed to events until relaxed in them
  • technique used in behavioral therapy
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17
Q

virtual reality exposure therapy

A
  • using a simulation to help conquer fears via exposure therapy
  • technique used in behavioral therapy
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18
Q

token economy

A
  • involves a controlled setting where individuals are reinforced for desirable behaviors with tokens, such as a poker chip, that can be exchanged for items
  • often used in psychiatric hospitals
  • type of behavioral therapy
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19
Q

cognitive therapy

A
  • a form of psychotherapy that focuses on how a person’s thoughts lead to feelings of distress
  • idea behind cognitive therapy is that how you think determines how you feel and act
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20
Q

rational emotive therapy (RET)

A
  • One of the first forms of cognitive-behavioral therapy
  • founded by Albert Ellis and grew out of his dislike of Freudian psychoanalysis
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21
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)

A
  • helps clients examine how their thoughts affect their behavior
  • attempts to make individuals aware of their irrational and negative thoughts and helps people replace them with new, more positive ways of thinking.
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22
Q

ABC model

A
  • technique of cognitive - behavioral therapy
  • Action (sometimes called an activating event), the Belief about the event, and the Consequences of this belief
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23
Q

humanistic therapy

A
  • help people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves
  • humanistic therapists focus on conscious rather than unconscious thoughts
  • emphasize present and future rather than past
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24
Q

rogerian/client-centered therapy

A
  • emphasizes the importance of the person taking control of his own life to overcome life’s challenges
  • type of humanistic therapy
  • invented by humanist Carl Rogers
25
Q

nondirective therapy

A
  • a therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person to identify conflicts and understand feelings
  • used in humanistic therapy
26
Q

unconditional positive regard

A
  • technique used in client-centered/humanist therapy
  • involves not judging clients and simply accepting them for who they are
27
Q

biomedical therapy

A
  • when people are prescribed biologically based treatments or psychotropic medications that are used to treat mental disorders
  • can be addictive, have bad side effects
28
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A
  • involves using an electrical current to induce seizures to help alleviate the effects of severe depression
  • type of biomedical therapy
  • seen as last resort treatment
29
Q

intake

A
  • the therapist’s first meeting with the client
  • therapist gathers specific information to address the client’s immediate needs, such as the presenting problem
30
Q

confidentiality

A

the therapist cannot disclose confidential communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so

31
Q

individual therapy

A

the client and clinician meet one-on-one

32
Q

group therapy

A
  • a clinician meets together with several clients with similar problems
  • can make people feel like they’re not alone, but can also ruin confidentiality, make people afraid to be vulnerable
33
Q

couples therapy

A
  • involves two people in an intimate relationship who are having difficulties and are trying to resolve them
  • may be taught how to communicate or determine if they should stay together
34
Q

family therapy

A
  • a special form of group therapy, consisting of one or more families
  • often view each member as playing a role in family system, understand how everyone can contribute positively
35
Q

structural family therapy

A
  • therapist examines and discusses the boundaries and structure of the family
  • The therapist helps them resolve these issues and learn to communicate more effectively by understanding roles in it
36
Q

strategic family therapy

A
  • goal is to address specific problems within the family that can be dealt with in a relatively short amount of time
  • therapist would guide what happens in the therapy session and design a detailed approach to resolving each member’s problem
37
Q

relapse

A

person return to abusing drugs and/or alcohol after a period of improvement

38
Q

comorbid disorders

A

when a person has two or more psychological diagnoses

39
Q

cultural competence

A

therapists must understand and address issues of race, culture, and ethnicity

40
Q

history of therapy treatment

A
  • disorders often seen as demonic or witchcraft, people treated very poorly
  • burned at stake, locked away, etc.
41
Q

psychosurgery

A
  • Any surgical procedure that destroys selected areas of the brain believed to be involved in emotional disorders or violent, impulsive behavior
  • Pretty rare today because dangers are greater than risk of not doing surgery
42
Q

frontal lobotomy

A
  • Destroys or separates parts of the frontal lobes
  • Stops strong emotional reactions, leads to flat affect
  • Also can interfere with other frontal lobe functions: planning, socially appropriate behavior
43
Q

Antonio Moniz’s method

A
  • way of performing a lobotomy
  • Involves drilling holes inside of skull, using probes to separate part of brain
  • Won 1949 Nobel Prize
44
Q

retrograde amnesia

A
  • what happens during electroconvulsive therapy
  • patients don’t remember it after usually
45
Q

antipsychotic drugs

A
  • Block or reduce sensitivity of brain receptors that respond to dopamine
  • Some increase levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that inhibits dopamine activity
  • Can relieve positive symptoms of schizophrenia but are ineffective for or even worsen negative symptoms
46
Q

Monoamine oxidase inhibits

A

Elevate norepinephrine/serotonin in brain by blocking an enzyme that deactivates them

47
Q

Tricyclic antidepressants

A

Boost norepinephrine and serotonin in brain by preventing normal reuptake of these substances

48
Q

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A
  • Also inhibit reuptake of serotonin to boost levels
  • Examples: Prozac, Zoloft, Paxil
49
Q

gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

A
  • an inhibitory neurotransmitter
  • how anti-anxiety (tranquilizers) work
  • Overprescription or long-term use can lead to addiction
  • Examples: valium, xanax
50
Q

how drugs work to treat disorders

A

For many of these drugs, it is not really known how they work

51
Q

psychodynamic therapy

A

Use various techniques to explore the unconscious as a route to identifying and solving problems

52
Q

behavioral self-monitoring

A
  • strategy of behavioral methods
  • Try to figure out what the triggers are
53
Q

rational-emotional-behavioral therapy (RBET)

A

Therapist and client actively challenge existing beliefs

54
Q

Aaron Beck’s cognitive therapy

A
  • type of cognitive therapy
  • Examines interconnection of thoughts, feelings and behaviors
55
Q

humanistic therapy

A

emphasizes people’s free will to change

56
Q

reflective therapy

A
  • technique in client/person centered therapy
  • therapist may rephrase / repeats back what the client is saying via reflective listening, to guide toward insight
  • Often is nondirective, with the goal that the client should solve the problems themself
57
Q

Family-System Perspective

A

Therapy with individuals or families that focuses on how each member forms part of a larger interacting system

58
Q

therapeutic alliance

A
  • a collaborative relationship between a patient and a therapist for the purpose of therapy or treatment
  • crucial to success of therapy
59
Q

scientist-practitioner gap

A
  • A substantial, serious disconnect between scientists who research and those who practice
  • Practitioners often disregard scientific evidence as not relevant to their personalized approaches
  • Scientists may undervalue the individual human elements of therapy, overemphasize one size fits all approaches

Psychology (15 decks)

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