Chapter 10 - Emotion and Motivation

Question 1

motivation

Answer 1

describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal

Question 2

intrinsic motivation

Answer 2

motivation that arises from internal factors (ex. purpose, independence)

Question 3

extrinsic motivation

Answer 3

motivation that arises from external factors (ex. money, punishment)

Question 4

instinct

Answer 4

a species-specific pattern of behavior that is not learned

Question 5

drive theory

Answer 5

• deviations from homeostasis create physiological needs
• result in psychological drive states that direct behavior to meet the need and, ultimately, bring the system back to homeostasis
• ex. lowering blood sugar to make you go eat

Question 6

habit

Answer 6

• a pattern of behavior in which we regularly engage
• Once we have engaged in a behavior that reduces a drive, we are more likely to engage in that behavior in the future

Question 7

Yerkes-Dodsen law

Answer 7

holds that a simple task is performed best when arousal levels are relatively high and complex tasks are best performed when arousal levels are lower

Question 8

self-efficacy

Answer 8

• an individual’s belief in their own capability to complete a task, which may include a previous successful completion of the exact task or a similar task
• plays a role in motivation

Question 9

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 9

• spans the spectrum of motives ranging from the biological to the individual to the social
• one must satisfy lower-level needs before addressing those needs that occur higher in the pyramid

Question 10

satiation

Answer 10

• when people feel fullness and satisfaction, and their eating behavior stops

Question 11

leptin

Answer 11

• a hormone released by fat cells that make you feel satiated

Question 12

metabolic rate

Answer 12

the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time, and there is tremendous individual variability in our metabolic rates

Question 13

set-point theory

Answer 13

• most people weights fluctuate a small amount
• asserts that each individual has an ideal body weight, or set point, which is resistant to change
• set-point is genetically predetermined
• doesn’t have a ton of empirical support

Question 14

overweight

Answer 14

• when someone weighs more than what is generally accepted as healthy for a given height

Question 15

obese

Answer 15

• when someone weighs more than what is generally accepted as healthy for a given height
• larger than overweight

Question 16

severe obesity

Answer 16

• when someone weighs more than what is generally accepted as healthy for a given height
• larger than obese

Question 17

bariatric surgery

Answer 17

• a type of surgery specifically aimed at weight reduction
• involves modifying the gastrointestinal system to reduce the amount of food that can be eaten and/or limiting how much of the digested food can be absorbed

Question 18

bulimia nervosa

Answer 18

• engage in binge eating behavior that is followed by an attempt to compensate for the large amount of food consumed
• purges food through self-induced vomiting

Question 19

binge eating

Answer 19

• a disorder where someone eats a lot of food in a short period of time
• followed by distress, including feelings of guilt and embarrassment

Question 20

anorexia nervosa

Answer 20

-an eating disorder characterized by the maintenance of a body weight well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise

Question 21

distorted body image

Answer 21

• that they view themselves as overweight even though they are not
• often what people with anorexia have