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Neuro 3610 > Chapter 16 Study Guide - Frontal Lobe > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Study Guide - Frontal Lobe Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subdivisions of the frontal lobe

A

prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, premotor cortex and anterior cingulate

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2
Q

How do we define the prefrontal cortex

A

area anterior to the motor, premotor, and cingulate cortex

includes dorsolateral, ventrolateral, orbitofrontal

key role in controlling functions = planning and strategizing in emotional behaviours

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3
Q

What are the principal connections of the frontal lobe

A

???

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4
Q

What in theory does the frontal lobe do

A

in charge of executive functions

temporal organization of behaviour in space and time

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5
Q

Define frontal lobe location

A

all neocortex and connections forward of central sulcus

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6
Q

Contrast the theoretical organization of the premotor and prefrontal cortex

A

premotor = planning and coordinating, stimulus driven and prepares body for movement in response to sensory stimuli
prefrontal cortex = higher cognitive functions of decision making and planning, goal-oriented

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of frontal lobe damage

A
  1. Motor
  2. Loss of divergent thinking
  3. poor environmental control
  4. poor temporal memory
  5. impaired social and sexual behaviour
  6. damage to the face area
  7. impaired olfactory discrimination
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8
Q

2 examples of symptom of disturbance of motor function

A

loss of strength
loss of fine movements

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9
Q

2 examples of symptom of loss of divergent thinking

A

reduce spontaneity
poor strategy formation

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10
Q

2 examples of symptom of environmental control of behaviour

A

rule breaking
gambling

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11
Q

2 examples of symptom of poor temporal memory

A

poor working memory
poor delayed response

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12
Q

What is left-right asymmetrical about the functions of the frontal lobe

A

left frontal = task setting
right frontal = task monitoring

left orbital = loss of sex drive
right orbital = reduced inhibition

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13
Q

What is executive function

A

cognitive processes such as attention control, planning, reasoning, problem solving, etc.
involves frontal lobe orchestrating to other parts of the brain

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14
Q

Distinguish between cool and hot executive function

A

cool function = when emotionally neutral context (dlPFC)
hot function = when a situation is really important (vmPFC and OFC)

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15
Q

How is executive function measured

A

Wisconsin card sorting
tower of london
fMRI
MRI

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16
Q

What is recency memory (temporal memory)

A

memory for the order in whihc things have happened

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17
Q

What is working memory vs frequency memory

A

working memory is short term memory
frequency memory is the brain’s ability to keep track of how often certain thinks happen without CONSCIOUS effort

18
Q

What is premotor cortex

A

located anterior to motor cortex

houses a movement repertoire and recognizes and selects movements

19
Q

What is corollary discharge

A

signal from the frontal lobe to parietal and temporal
anticipates a motor act so that if the eyes are moving, doesn’t look like the world is moving, differentiate between the two

20
Q

What is reafference

A

confirmation by one part of the nervous system of the activity in another

21
Q

Who is Phineas Gage

A

steel rod through left frontal lobe including PFC
experienced personality changes and social behaviour changes prone to outbursts, impulsive, planning, reasoning, problem solving

22
Q

What is pseudodepression

A

personality change due to FL lesion which exhibit symptoms of depression but without the underlying mood disorder

23
Q

What is pseudopsychopathy

A

personality change due to FL lesion that show immature behaviour, lack of restraint, but not accompanied with mental or emotional psychopathology

24
Q

Where is intelligence in the brain (include P-FIT network, what is it)

A

PFIT is a theory that explains intelligence as resulting from communication and integration of mainly the parietal and frontal lobes

intelligence arises from how well these two regions communicate

25
Q

How do the brains of higher vs lower IQ people differ

A

cortical thickness developing late correlates with a higher IQ

26
Q

What is the relationship between SES and intelligence

A

Lower SES = lower intelligence
correlation, not causation

27
Q

What diseases seem to uniquely affect frontal lobe function

A

Schizophrenia - increase of dopamine in FL related to onset
Parkinsons - decrease of dopamine causes abnormalities in FL
Korsakoff - (alcoholism) caused by death of md nucleus

28
Q

How are stress and drug addiction similar and different in terms of prefrontal involvement

A

both affect neuron size
drug = permanently alter neurons. ex. amphetamine increases growth and spine density
stress = shrink in vmPFC and grow in PFC, can recover better at younger age

29
Q

What is unique about frontal lobe development

A

does not reach full development until mid to late 20s

30
Q

What is a test for response inhibition deficit

A

wisconsin card sorting task
sorting cards in pile then administer changes rule to sorting

result = breaks rules, cannot change between topics

31
Q

Test for verbal fluency

A

Word fluency test

tests persons ability to generate words under specific conditions

Left frontal lobe regions

32
Q

Test for nonverbal fluency

A

design fluency
novel designs and patterns trying find pairs
Right frontal lobe lesion

33
Q

Test to test for motor function

A

finger tapping test
tap button as much as they can in 10 seconds

primary motor cortex and premotor cortex

34
Q

What test to test for working memory

A

self-ordering
8 pictures to choose from, then choose one and flip over page, choose new image in different arrangement

prefrontal cortex

35
Q

What test is for testing planning

A

Tower of london
3 sets of pegs and coloured disks
goal to match disks to pegs

prefrontal cortex

36
Q

Name 3 frontal lobe networks

A
  1. Default Network
  2. Salience Network
  3. Executive Network
37
Q

What is the default network

A

network activated when someone is resting or when the mind is wandering

38
Q

What is salience network

A

network active when a behavioural change is needed

39
Q

What is executive network

A

network involved in executive control tasks
big tasks!

40
Q

How was Brenda Milner a frontal lobe pioneer

A

connections between FL and executive functions, memory, and cognitive control

41
Q

What are Brenda’s lasting impacts (6)

A
  1. plays major role in cognitive processing
  2. not unitary function
  3. differentiation of FL functions in diff regions
  4. complementary specialization of left and right FLs
  5. similarities between FL lesions in humans and non
  6. although functions can be dissociated, also overlap

Neuro 3610 (15 decks)

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