Chapter 14 - Parietal Lobe Study Guide Flashcards
Distinguish between processing of spatial information for object recognition and movement guidance
object recognition = perceiving and categorizing objects especially from unfamiliar perspective
right parietal lobe, specifically right inferior parietal lobule
movement guidance = sensory input to guide movements, provide brain with spatial maps
posterior parietal cortex
What are the main functions of the parietal lobe
home of reaching
processing sensory information, spatial orientation, and coordinating movements
What are the subdivisions of the parietal lobe
primary somatosensory cortex
secondary somatosensory cortex
supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus
superior parietal lobule
What is sensory transformation?
What area in parietal lobe responsible for sensory transformation?
the process where the brain converts sensory input into different forms for guidance action, perception, higher level cognitive functions
posterior parietal cortex
What do the Miguel Nicolelis studies of brain-to-brain interface and neuroprosthetic demonstrate
the brain can use sensorimotor transformations (convert sensory into motor) to control movements and communicate info
uses brain-computer interfaces to allow animals and humans to control robotic limbs with mental activity
even send info from one rat’s brain to another rat’s
Distinguish between PRR and MPR
parietal reach region = planning and executing reach movements towards objects
medial parietal region = associated with memory and spatial attention, navigation
What are the symptoms of contralateral neglect
results in complete neglect of one side
affects reading newspaper, makeup, even memories
most commonly neglect left side
What is the recovery of contralateral neglect
2 stages
1. allesthesia = person starts responding to stimuli on neglected side
2. simultaneous extinction = can respond to previously neglected side unless both sides are stimulated at the same time
What are the causes of contralateral neglect
damage to both the right intraparietal sulcus and right angular gyrus are necessary for contralateral neglect
2 main theories cause
1. defective sensation/perception
2. defective attention/orientation
What are the 4 symptoms of Gerstmann’s syndrome
- finger agnosia = inability to recognize/name one’s fingers
- right-left confusion
- agraphia = inability to write
- acalculia = difficulty with arithmetic tasks
What are the 3 additional symptoms that can be associated with Gerstmann’s syndrome
- dyslexia
- dyphasia
- verbal working memory
What area is damaged in Gerstmann’s syndrome
damage to the left parietal lobe, particularly angular gyrus
What is Balint’s syndrome
resulting from bilateral damage to parietal and occipital lobes
3 unusual symptoms:
oculomotor apraxia = difficulty directing gaze toward objects of interest
optic ataxia = impairment of reaching for objects in visual field
simultagnosia = inability to perceive more than one object at a time
What are the two uses of spatial information
- object recognition and movement guidance
- complex spatial representation
How could language and arithmetic be in the parietal lobe
What is simultaneous extinction
after damage to anterior parietal lobe, person is unable to receive multiple stimuli presented simultaneously on both sides, but can detect each stimulus separately
What is astereognosis
inability to recognize an object by touch
results from damage to S1 (primary somatosensory cortex) on the right
What is asomatoagnosia
loss of knowledge or sense of one’s own body and bodily conditions
RH damage
right superior parietal lobule, right inferior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus, right temporoparietal
What is anosognosia
unawareness or denial of illness
damage to right parietal lobe
What is blindtouch
due to lesions in PE, PF, and PG
complete anesthesia of right side of body that you cannot feel touch on that side but can point to the location where the incident occurred
What is allesthesia
stage 1 of recovery to contralateral neglect
person begins to respond to stimuli on neglected side
What is agraphia
inability to write
damage to left parietal lobe
angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus
What is alexia
inability to read despite having ability to write and understand spoken language
damage to angular gyrus, occipitotemporal region, LH damage
What is optic ataxia
occurs after posterior parietal lobe damage
has difficulty using visual information to guide their hand movements
