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Neuro 3610 > Chapter 14 - Parietal Lobe Study Guide > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Parietal Lobe Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Distinguish between processing of spatial information for object recognition and movement guidance

A

object recognition = perceiving and categorizing objects especially from unfamiliar perspective
right parietal lobe, specifically right inferior parietal lobule

movement guidance = sensory input to guide movements, provide brain with spatial maps
posterior parietal cortex

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2
Q

What are the main functions of the parietal lobe

A

home of reaching
processing sensory information, spatial orientation, and coordinating movements

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3
Q

What are the subdivisions of the parietal lobe

A

primary somatosensory cortex
secondary somatosensory cortex
supramarginal gyrus
angular gyrus
superior parietal lobule

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4
Q

What is sensory transformation?
What area in parietal lobe responsible for sensory transformation?

A

the process where the brain converts sensory input into different forms for guidance action, perception, higher level cognitive functions
posterior parietal cortex

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5
Q

What do the Miguel Nicolelis studies of brain-to-brain interface and neuroprosthetic demonstrate

A

the brain can use sensorimotor transformations (convert sensory into motor) to control movements and communicate info
uses brain-computer interfaces to allow animals and humans to control robotic limbs with mental activity
even send info from one rat’s brain to another rat’s

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6
Q

Distinguish between PRR and MPR

A

parietal reach region = planning and executing reach movements towards objects
medial parietal region = associated with memory and spatial attention, navigation

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of contralateral neglect

A

results in complete neglect of one side
affects reading newspaper, makeup, even memories
most commonly neglect left side

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8
Q

What is the recovery of contralateral neglect

A

2 stages
1. allesthesia = person starts responding to stimuli on neglected side
2. simultaneous extinction = can respond to previously neglected side unless both sides are stimulated at the same time

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9
Q

What are the causes of contralateral neglect

A

damage to both the right intraparietal sulcus and right angular gyrus are necessary for contralateral neglect

2 main theories cause
1. defective sensation/perception
2. defective attention/orientation

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10
Q

What are the 4 symptoms of Gerstmann’s syndrome

A
  1. finger agnosia = inability to recognize/name one’s fingers
  2. right-left confusion
  3. agraphia = inability to write
  4. acalculia = difficulty with arithmetic tasks
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11
Q

What are the 3 additional symptoms that can be associated with Gerstmann’s syndrome

A
  1. dyslexia
  2. dyphasia
  3. verbal working memory
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12
Q

What area is damaged in Gerstmann’s syndrome

A

damage to the left parietal lobe, particularly angular gyrus

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13
Q

What is Balint’s syndrome

A

resulting from bilateral damage to parietal and occipital lobes
3 unusual symptoms:
oculomotor apraxia = difficulty directing gaze toward objects of interest
optic ataxia = impairment of reaching for objects in visual field
simultagnosia = inability to perceive more than one object at a time

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14
Q

What are the two uses of spatial information

A
  1. object recognition and movement guidance
  2. complex spatial representation
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15
Q

How could language and arithmetic be in the parietal lobe

A
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16
Q

What is simultaneous extinction

A

after damage to anterior parietal lobe, person is unable to receive multiple stimuli presented simultaneously on both sides, but can detect each stimulus separately

17
Q

What is astereognosis

A

inability to recognize an object by touch
results from damage to S1 (primary somatosensory cortex) on the right

18
Q

What is asomatoagnosia

A

loss of knowledge or sense of one’s own body and bodily conditions
RH damage
right superior parietal lobule, right inferior parietal lobule, postcentral gyrus, right temporoparietal

19
Q

What is anosognosia

A

unawareness or denial of illness
damage to right parietal lobe

20
Q

What is blindtouch

A

due to lesions in PE, PF, and PG
complete anesthesia of right side of body that you cannot feel touch on that side but can point to the location where the incident occurred

21
Q

What is allesthesia

A

stage 1 of recovery to contralateral neglect
person begins to respond to stimuli on neglected side

22
Q

What is agraphia

A

inability to write
damage to left parietal lobe
angular gyrus and supramarginal gyrus

23
Q

What is alexia

A

inability to read despite having ability to write and understand spoken language
damage to angular gyrus, occipitotemporal region, LH damage

24
Q

What is optic ataxia

A

occurs after posterior parietal lobe damage
has difficulty using visual information to guide their hand movements

25
Q

What is apraxia

A

movement disorder
loss of skilled movements
damage to left parietal lobe
supramarginal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, parietal-premotor connections

26
Q

What is spatial attention

A

the brain’s ability to focus on specific stimuli while filtering out irrelevant information

27
Q

What region in the parietal lobe is responsible for spatial attention

A

posterior parietal cortex in RH
intraparietal sulcus
superior parietal lobule
temporoparietal junction

28
Q

What is cognitive neural prosthetic regions

A

brain-computer interface technologies designed to assist individuals with neurological impairments by bypassing damaged brain areas to restore lost functions
applications include motor control, communication, and memory aids

29
Q

What are 4 symptoms of parietal lobe injury

A
  1. contralateral neglect
  2. agnosia
  3. difficulties with awareness
  4. apraxia
30
Q

What are the central hubs in parietal lobe networks

A

central hubs = role in integrating information and facilitating communication between brain areas
key central hubs in parietal lobe networks:
superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule, posterior parietal cortex, intraparietal sulcus

31
Q

What tests can be used to examine contralateral neglect

A

marking the centre of the line
damage to right lobe, neglect left side and place their mark tot he right of the actual midpoint

32
Q

What other tests can be used to examine parietal lobe damage

A

two-point discrimination, token, kimura box

Neuro 3610 (15 decks)

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