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Intro to Sociology > Chapter 16 - Media & Technology > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Media & Technology Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why is technology an important area of study within sociology?

A

We increasingly rely on technology and media

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2
Q

What is technology defined as?

A

Complex, multifaceted concept

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3
Q

Who defined technology as a system involving organization, procedures, symbols, new worlds and a mindset?

A

Franklin

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4
Q

Who said that technology is an assemblage of material things that embodies and reflects societal elements shaped to serve various purposes?

A

Quan-Haase

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5
Q

Who argued that technological determinism ignores the social context?

A

Raymond Williams

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6
Q

What are two key perspectives in the analysis of media?

A

Political economy & cultural studies

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7
Q

What does the political economy perspective of media focus on?

A

Issues of ownership, policy and globalization

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8
Q

What do the cultural studies analyze in the media?

A

Media messages and content

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9
Q

What are the different forms of media ownership?

A

Private or public

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10
Q

What are the different types of private media ownership?

A

1) horizontal integration
2) vertical integration
3) cross-ownership
4) conglomerate ownership

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11
Q

What is horizontal integration?

A

One company owns media organizations engaged in similar production but different locations

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12
Q

What type of private media ownerships is owning media operations linking production, circulations and exhibition/retails?

A

Vertical integration

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13
Q

What type of private ownership is one company owns media enterprises involved in different types of media content?

A

Cross-ownership

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14
Q

What is conglomerate ownership?

A

Company holds both media and non-media enterprises

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15
Q

What are possible implications of private ownership?

A

May lead to ownership concentration and reducing competition and diversity of content

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16
Q

What sets rules for media companies in Canada?

A

Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission

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17
Q

What does the Marxist theory say about Canadian media?

A

State in Canada serves the interest of private media companies with deregulation and privatization

18
Q

How does cultural globalization effect media?

A

Global diffusion of media (Hollywood)

19
Q

How does economic globalization impact media?

A

International division of labor coordinated by multinational media companies, outsourcing and offshoring

20
Q

What is the popular media people encounter every day?

A

Mainstream media

21
Q

What do critics argue about representation in media?

A

Represent dominant ideology

22
Q

What are different representations of less-dominant groups in society?

A

Under-representation and misrepresentation

23
Q

Who argued that the working class is under-represented in family sitcoms in the US?

A

Butsch

24
Q

Who argued that female cop films represent women as having different kinds of masculine power?

A

Dole

25
Q

In later films, how did the representation of women change?

A

Intellectual rather than physical power

26
Q

What are contradictory messages about the representation of women in media?

A

Women have some power but still misrepresented and stereotypes as incapable without help

27
Q

What ethnic groups do Canadian studies show underrepresentation of?

A

Francophones, blacks, indigenous

28
Q

How did Hall explain how dominant ideology is woven into media texts through a complex process of encoding?

A

Meanings or factors are embedded in media content

29
Q

What are the 3 possible ways of decoding media texts according to Hall?

A

1) Dominant-hegemonic reading - taking preferred reading
2) oppositional reading - rejecting message by interpreting it through alternative ideological framework
3) negotiated reading - mixture of dominant-hegemonic and oppositional readings and is contradictory

30
Q

Who argued that the process of decoding is affected by the social position of the viewer?

A

Morley

31
Q

What are forms of communication used by subordinate groups or social movements?

A

Alternative media

32
Q

What are criticisms of the political economy perspective of media?

A

Development of internet linked to US department of defense, access to internet linked to private companies and internet contributes to globalization

33
Q

What is the Criticism of cultural studies in media?

A

Internet extends mainstream media and circulates it worldwide, and facilitates alternative media

34
Q

What two sociological approaches examine the close link between technology and society?

A

Conflict theory and feminism

35
Q

What theory helps us consider how technology is linked to inequalities in society?

A

Conflict theory

36
Q

What refers to systematic differences in terms of access to and use of information and communications technologies?

A

Digital divide

37
Q

What group of students has been most disadvantaged with current COVID conditions?

A

First Nations and new immigrants

38
Q

What approach provides insight into the ways technology affects men and women differently and how it might lead to social change?

A

Feminism

39
Q

What are the two views on the relation between women and technology?

A

1) Women’s liberation view - technology can liberate women by supporting different choices
2) women’s oppression view - technology can enslave women as they rely on it more and more

40
Q

What are the two feminist views of reproductive technologies?

A

1) Women’s liberation view - offer women more options and control over their bodies
2) women’s oppression view - enable male domination

41
Q

What are feminist scholars interested in media wise?

A

Media images in terms of relation to their feminist and masculinity

42
Q

What are the two women’s views on social media?

A

1) women’s liberation view - enables both genders to craft an online self
2) perpetuates gender stereotypes and pressure to conform to an ideal body type

Intro to Sociology (16 decks)

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