Chapter 15 - Population, Urbanization, & the Environment Flashcards
(83 cards)
Where do the majority of people live, cities or rural?
Cities
What is the study of the causes and consequences of the human population growth?
Demography
What is demography from a sociological perspective?
Study and analysis of populations, and how people move from place to place
Why are demographics of significant interest to police, health and social services?
1) identify special interest groups
2) identity ethnic diversity
3) identify and protects population growth
4) identify migrant and immigration population trends
5) identify crime trends
What does predicting population growth and decline have to do with police, health and teachers?
1) establish guidelines for authorized strength
2) helps nursing, teachers and police plan for new hires and retirement projections
What is a factor relied on by demographers?
Mortality rate
What is the number of live births in a given year for every 1000 people?
Crude birth rates
What is the number of deaths in a given year for every 1000 people?
Crude death rate
How are rates defined?
For every 1000 people
How often does a child die from starvation, undernutrition and disease?
Every 3.7 seconds
What is the average number of children per woman of one generation needed to maintain population size?
Replacement fertility rate
What is the number of deaths of children less than 1 year of age per 1000 live births in the same year?
Infant mortality rate
How old is a child classified as an infant?
Less than 1 year old
What is the median number of years a person can expect to live?
Life expectancy at birth
What are the different ways migration occurs?
1) immigration
2) emigration
3) internal migration
What is movement into a territory?
Immigration
What is movement within borders?
Internal migration
What is movement out of a territory?
Emigration
What is the difference between the number of immigrants and number of emigrants between two dates?
Net Migration
What is the difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate?
Natural growth rate
Who suggested that as populations grow exponentially, food demand will also need to grow arithmetically?
Thomas Malthus
What prevent overpopulation by increasing the death rate?
Positive checks
What prevent overpopulation by limiting the number or survival of live births?
Preventative checks
Was Malthus correct in thinking that food supplies can only increase arithmetically?
No