Chapter 13 - Politics & Social Movements Flashcards
What is politics all about?
Power and its contestation
What is Max Weber’s definition of power?
Capacity to realize one’s will
What is political sociology?
Inequalities persist because people and groups who hold and exercise power are not ready to give it up or share it
What is public sociology?
Takes insights of the discipline and applies them to everyday life, social policy and social engagement
What is the State?
Social institution in which power is concentrated in Western society?
What is the notion of the State enabling power to be exercised by a staff adhering to practices and procedures of organization?
State as a Bureaucracy
What are material resources of the State?
Money & financial Property Technology Natural resources Means of communication Transportation Organization
Who believed that there is a limited amount of power in society, which is held by one person or group at a time?
Karl Marx
What is the Materialist view of politics?
More material resources a person, group or institution has, the greater their capacity to realize their will and exercise power
What is the idea of a corporate citizen?
A corporation that has so much power or resources that they have basically become a human being, an entity
Which sociologist is anti-capitalist?
Karl Marx
Which sociologist believed power is contingent on class and relationship to means of production?
Karl Marx
Which sociologist argued that power is not limited to ownership of capital, but includes control over assets such as social status, institutions and professional skills?
Max Weber
Which sociologist said that material assets combine with other resources to affect how power is exercised in society?
C. Wright Mills
Which sociologist argued that power is based on hierarchal institution of class, education, political standing and ethnicity in Canadian society?
John Porter
Which sociologist argued that power is not only material but stems from non-material sources such as status or social prestige?
Max Weber
Which sociologist argued that social and cultural ideals can support status quo or develop into counter-hegemonic positions that challenge order?
Antoni Gramsci
What is the notion of dominance or leadership?
Hegemony
Who introduced the idea of Cultural Industry?
Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno
What is the idea of Cultural Industry?
The role Cultural Production played in the reinforcement of unequal relations of power under capitalism
Who introduced cultural and social capitals?
Bourdieu
What is anything that reflects and facilitates cultural exchange between people?
Cultural capital
What is a resource that fosters social relationships and the privileges and obligations one can draw from them?
Social capital
Which capital is based on group membership? Cultural or social
Social
For Bourdieu, which culture is the source of power, and exclusive?
The elite culture
How do cultural and social capital overlap with economic capital?
They can be exchanged and influence social mobility
Who argued that cultural values play a key role in higher rates of union membership in Canada compared to the US?
Lipset
What are patterns of behavior that order people’s lives in relatively predictable ways?
Institutions
What are institutions characterized by?
Inertia (stable and resistant to change) & path dependence (encourage people down certain “paths” of action)
Why do institutions both help and hinder people who challenge power?
Help by providing stable, predictable means for exercising power and hinder by channeling or placing limits for action
What do institutionalists consider in politics?
Influence of institutions on power and politics
What did Theda Skocpol argue about politics?
Whichever powerful groups exploited conditions that fostered revolution also depended on the relationship created by state institutions in crisis
Which sociologist argued that democratic state institutions marked by ethnic power imbalances can lead to genocide?
Mann
Which sociologist said that “institutional legacies” shape social phenomena?
Béland
Who argued that Citizenship Regimes refer to indigenous people who can turn to transnational institutions to fight for rights?
Jenson & Papillon
What is a social process in which traditional constraints posed by geography, economic activity, culture and social configurations have receded and been replaced by processes that extend beyond state boundaries?
Globalization
How does globalization affect material resources?
Economic globalization involves international flows of wealth and power
How does globalization alter global and social processes?
Globalization accompanied by cultural homogenization into what is now a consumer culture that sees US based cultural products throughout the world
How are institutions internationalized?
Proliferation of international agreements challenge sovereignty of existing states (NAFTA)
Which sociologist questioned whether states have lost control of their economies?
Urmetzer
What focuses on involvement of more than one state in an interaction?
Transnationalism
Who argued that States uphold international norms and implement laws, not international organizations?
Tarrow
What is the difference between a social movement and a social trend?
Social movement try to achieve social change from below, a social trend is a changing pattern of social behavior
What is an organization that aims to influence large institutions?
Pressure group
What theories have been developed to understand social movements?
New Social Movements, Framing Theory & The Political Process Approach
Why are new social movements (nsms) different from older class-based movements?
NSMs are based in politics of cultural recognition and less concerned with redistribution of wealth and status. NSMs are more interested in securing right
What does the NSM perspective focus on?
Relationships between culture and collective identity
What theory argues that movements establish meaning, form basis of collective identity and purpose through process of framing?
Framing theory
What are collective action frames?
Sets of ideas and beliefs that serve to mobilize, legitimate movements activity
What are the three sets of frames articulated by successful social movements?
1) diagnostic frames define social problems
2) prognostic frames propose solutions to three problems
3) motivational frames persuade people to join the movement
Who introduced the idea of frame alignment?
Snow
According to Snow, what describes the process whereby individuals come to adopt the ideology and methods of a particular movement?
Frame alignment
What approach argues that the polity can be characterized by opportunities and constraints?
Political process approach
What idea considers the role of mobilizing structures?
Political process model
What is an example of an informal organization?
Friends
What does Sklair say the relationship between globalization and social movements is?
Global politics are like national politics, but on a larger scale
What are the 3 factors that define a movement as global?
1) grievances must be framed as global grievances
2) membership and organizational structure must be global in scale
3) collective identity is globalized
