Chapter 13 - Politics & Social Movements

Question 1

What is politics all about?

Answer 1

Power and its contestation

Question 2

What is Max Weber’s definition of power?

Answer 2

Capacity to realize one’s will

Question 3

What is political sociology?

Answer 3

Inequalities persist because people and groups who hold and exercise power are not ready to give it up or share it

Question 4

What is public sociology?

Answer 4

Takes insights of the discipline and applies them to everyday life, social policy and social engagement

Question 5

What is the State?

Answer 5

Social institution in which power is concentrated in Western society?

Question 6

What is the notion of the State enabling power to be exercised by a staff adhering to practices and procedures of organization?

Answer 6

State as a Bureaucracy

Question 7

What are material resources of the State?

Answer 7

Money & financial
Property
Technology
Natural resources
Means of communication
Transportation
Organization

Question 8

Who believed that there is a limited amount of power in society, which is held by one person or group at a time?

Answer 8

Karl Marx

Question 9

What is the Materialist view of politics?

Answer 9

More material resources a person, group or institution has, the greater their capacity to realize their will and exercise power

Question 10

What is the idea of a corporate citizen?

Answer 10

A corporation that has so much power or resources that they have basically become a human being, an entity

Question 11

Which sociologist is anti-capitalist?

Answer 11

Karl Marx

Question 12

Which sociologist believed power is contingent on class and relationship to means of production?

Answer 12

Karl Marx

Question 13

Which sociologist argued that power is not limited to ownership of capital, but includes control over assets such as social status, institutions and professional skills?

Answer 13

Max Weber

Question 14

Which sociologist said that material assets combine with other resources to affect how power is exercised in society?

Answer 14

C. Wright Mills

Question 15

Which sociologist argued that power is based on hierarchal institution of class, education, political standing and ethnicity in Canadian society?

Answer 15

John Porter

Question 16

Which sociologist argued that power is not only material but stems from non-material sources such as status or social prestige?

Answer 16

Max Weber

Question 17

Which sociologist argued that social and cultural ideals can support status quo or develop into counter-hegemonic positions that challenge order?

Answer 17

Antoni Gramsci

Question 18

What is the notion of dominance or leadership?

Answer 18

Hegemony

Question 19

Who introduced the idea of Cultural Industry?

Answer 19

Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno

Question 20

What is the idea of Cultural Industry?

Answer 20

The role Cultural Production played in the reinforcement of unequal relations of power under capitalism

Question 21

Who introduced cultural and social capitals?

Answer 21

Bourdieu

Question 22

What is anything that reflects and facilitates cultural exchange between people?

Answer 22

Cultural capital

Question 23

What is a resource that fosters social relationships and the privileges and obligations one can draw from them?

Answer 23

Social capital

Question 24

Which capital is based on group membership? Cultural or social

Answer 24

Social

Question 25

For Bourdieu, which culture is the source of power, and exclusive?

Answer 25

The elite culture

Question 26

How do cultural and social capital overlap with economic capital?

Answer 26

They can be exchanged and influence social mobility

Question 27

Who argued that cultural values play a key role in higher rates of union membership in Canada compared to the US?

Answer 27

Lipset

Question 28

What are patterns of behavior that order people’s lives in relatively predictable ways?

Answer 28

Institutions

Question 29

What are institutions characterized by?

Answer 29

Inertia (stable and resistant to change) & path dependence (encourage people down certain “paths” of action)

Question 30

Why do institutions both help and hinder people who challenge power?

Answer 30

Help by providing stable, predictable means for exercising power and hinder by channeling or placing limits for action

Question 31

What do institutionalists consider in politics?

Answer 31

Influence of institutions on power and politics

Question 32

What did Theda Skocpol argue about politics?

Answer 32

Whichever powerful groups exploited conditions that fostered revolution also depended on the relationship created by state institutions in crisis

Question 33

Which sociologist argued that democratic state institutions marked by ethnic power imbalances can lead to genocide?

Answer 33

Mann

Question 34

Which sociologist said that “institutional legacies” shape social phenomena?

Answer 34

Béland

Question 35

Who argued that Citizenship Regimes refer to indigenous people who can turn to transnational institutions to fight for rights?

Answer 35

Jenson & Papillon

Question 36

What is a social process in which traditional constraints posed by geography, economic activity, culture and social configurations have receded and been replaced by processes that extend beyond state boundaries?

Answer 36

Globalization

Question 37

How does globalization affect material resources?

Answer 37

Economic globalization involves international flows of wealth and power

Question 38

How does globalization alter global and social processes?

Answer 38

Globalization accompanied by cultural homogenization into what is now a consumer culture that sees US based cultural products throughout the world

Question 39

How are institutions internationalized?

Answer 39

Proliferation of international agreements challenge sovereignty of existing states (NAFTA)

Question 40

Which sociologist questioned whether states have lost control of their economies?

Answer 40

Urmetzer

Question 41

What focuses on involvement of more than one state in an interaction?

Answer 41

Transnationalism

Question 42

Who argued that States uphold international norms and implement laws, not international organizations?

Answer 42

Tarrow

Question 43

What is the difference between a social movement and a social trend?

Answer 43

Social movement try to achieve social change from below, a social trend is a changing pattern of social behavior

Question 44

What is an organization that aims to influence large institutions?

Answer 44

Pressure group

Question 45

What theories have been developed to understand social movements?

Answer 45

New Social Movements, Framing Theory & The Political Process Approach

Question 46

Why are new social movements (nsms) different from older class-based movements?

Answer 46

NSMs are based in politics of cultural recognition and less concerned with redistribution of wealth and status. NSMs are more interested in securing right

Question 47

What does the NSM perspective focus on?

Answer 47

Relationships between culture and collective identity

Question 48

What theory argues that movements establish meaning, form basis of collective identity and purpose through process of framing?

Answer 48

Framing theory

Question 49

What are collective action frames?

Answer 49

Sets of ideas and beliefs that serve to mobilize, legitimate movements activity

Question 50

What are the three sets of frames articulated by successful social movements?

Answer 50

1) diagnostic frames define social problems 2) prognostic frames propose solutions to three problems 3) motivational frames persuade people to join the movement

Question 51

Who introduced the idea of frame alignment?

Answer 51

Snow

Question 52

According to Snow, what describes the process whereby individuals come to adopt the ideology and methods of a particular movement?

Answer 52

Frame alignment

Question 53

What approach argues that the polity can be characterized by opportunities and constraints?

Answer 53

Political process approach

Question 54

What idea considers the role of mobilizing structures?

Answer 54

Political process model

Question 55

What is an example of an informal organization?

Answer 55

Friends

Question 56

What does Sklair say the relationship between globalization and social movements is?

Answer 56

Global politics are like national politics, but on a larger scale

Question 57

What are the 3 factors that define a movement as global?

Answer 57

1) grievances must be framed as global grievances 2) membership and organizational structure must be global in scale 3) collective identity is globalized