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Intro to Sociology > Chapter 13 - Politics & Social Movements > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Politics & Social Movements Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is politics all about?

A

Power and its contestation

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2
Q

What is Max Weber’s definition of power?

A

Capacity to realize one’s will

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3
Q

What is political sociology?

A

Inequalities persist because people and groups who hold and exercise power are not ready to give it up or share it

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4
Q

What is public sociology?

A

Takes insights of the discipline and applies them to everyday life, social policy and social engagement

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5
Q

What is the State?

A

Social institution in which power is concentrated in Western society?

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6
Q

What is the notion of the State enabling power to be exercised by a staff adhering to practices and procedures of organization?

A

State as a Bureaucracy

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7
Q

What are material resources of the State?

A 
Money & financial
Property
Technology
Natural resources
Means of communication
Transportation
Organization
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8
Q

Who believed that there is a limited amount of power in society, which is held by one person or group at a time?

A

Karl Marx

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9
Q

What is the Materialist view of politics?

A

More material resources a person, group or institution has, the greater their capacity to realize their will and exercise power

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10
Q

What is the idea of a corporate citizen?

A

A corporation that has so much power or resources that they have basically become a human being, an entity

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11
Q

Which sociologist is anti-capitalist?

A

Karl Marx

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12
Q

Which sociologist believed power is contingent on class and relationship to means of production?

A

Karl Marx

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13
Q

Which sociologist argued that power is not limited to ownership of capital, but includes control over assets such as social status, institutions and professional skills?

A

Max Weber

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14
Q

Which sociologist said that material assets combine with other resources to affect how power is exercised in society?

A

C. Wright Mills

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15
Q

Which sociologist argued that power is based on hierarchal institution of class, education, political standing and ethnicity in Canadian society?

A

John Porter

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16
Q

Which sociologist argued that power is not only material but stems from non-material sources such as status or social prestige?

A

Max Weber

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17
Q

Which sociologist argued that social and cultural ideals can support status quo or develop into counter-hegemonic positions that challenge order?

A

Antoni Gramsci

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18
Q

What is the notion of dominance or leadership?

A

Hegemony

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19
Q

Who introduced the idea of Cultural Industry?

A

Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno

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20
Q

What is the idea of Cultural Industry?

A

The role Cultural Production played in the reinforcement of unequal relations of power under capitalism

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21
Q

Who introduced cultural and social capitals?

A

Bourdieu

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22
Q

What is anything that reflects and facilitates cultural exchange between people?

A

Cultural capital

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23
Q

What is a resource that fosters social relationships and the privileges and obligations one can draw from them?

A

Social capital

24
Q

Which capital is based on group membership? Cultural or social

A

Social

25
Q

For Bourdieu, which culture is the source of power, and exclusive?

A

The elite culture

26
Q

How do cultural and social capital overlap with economic capital?

A

They can be exchanged and influence social mobility

27
Q

Who argued that cultural values play a key role in higher rates of union membership in Canada compared to the US?

A

Lipset

28
Q

What are patterns of behavior that order people’s lives in relatively predictable ways?

A

Institutions

29
Q

What are institutions characterized by?

A

Inertia (stable and resistant to change) & path dependence (encourage people down certain “paths” of action)

30
Q

Why do institutions both help and hinder people who challenge power?

A

Help by providing stable, predictable means for exercising power and hinder by channeling or placing limits for action

31
Q

What do institutionalists consider in politics?

A

Influence of institutions on power and politics

32
Q

What did Theda Skocpol argue about politics?

A

Whichever powerful groups exploited conditions that fostered revolution also depended on the relationship created by state institutions in crisis

33
Q

Which sociologist argued that democratic state institutions marked by ethnic power imbalances can lead to genocide?

A

Mann

34
Q

Which sociologist said that “institutional legacies” shape social phenomena?

A

Béland

35
Q

Who argued that Citizenship Regimes refer to indigenous people who can turn to transnational institutions to fight for rights?

A

Jenson & Papillon

36
Q

What is a social process in which traditional constraints posed by geography, economic activity, culture and social configurations have receded and been replaced by processes that extend beyond state boundaries?

A

Globalization

37
Q

How does globalization affect material resources?

A

Economic globalization involves international flows of wealth and power

38
Q

How does globalization alter global and social processes?

A

Globalization accompanied by cultural homogenization into what is now a consumer culture that sees US based cultural products throughout the world

39
Q

How are institutions internationalized?

A

Proliferation of international agreements challenge sovereignty of existing states (NAFTA)

40
Q

Which sociologist questioned whether states have lost control of their economies?

A

Urmetzer

41
Q

What focuses on involvement of more than one state in an interaction?

A

Transnationalism

42
Q

Who argued that States uphold international norms and implement laws, not international organizations?

A

Tarrow

43
Q

What is the difference between a social movement and a social trend?

A

Social movement try to achieve social change from below, a social trend is a changing pattern of social behavior

44
Q

What is an organization that aims to influence large institutions?

A

Pressure group

45
Q

What theories have been developed to understand social movements?

A

New Social Movements, Framing Theory & The Political Process Approach

46
Q

Why are new social movements (nsms) different from older class-based movements?

A

NSMs are based in politics of cultural recognition and less concerned with redistribution of wealth and status. NSMs are more interested in securing right

47
Q

What does the NSM perspective focus on?

A

Relationships between culture and collective identity

48
Q

What theory argues that movements establish meaning, form basis of collective identity and purpose through process of framing?

A

Framing theory

49
Q

What are collective action frames?

A

Sets of ideas and beliefs that serve to mobilize, legitimate movements activity

50
Q

What are the three sets of frames articulated by successful social movements?

A

1) diagnostic frames define social problems
2) prognostic frames propose solutions to three problems
3) motivational frames persuade people to join the movement

51
Q

Who introduced the idea of frame alignment?

A

Snow

52
Q

According to Snow, what describes the process whereby individuals come to adopt the ideology and methods of a particular movement?

A

Frame alignment

53
Q

What approach argues that the polity can be characterized by opportunities and constraints?

A

Political process approach

54
Q

What idea considers the role of mobilizing structures?

A

Political process model

55
Q

What is an example of an informal organization?

A

Friends

56
Q

What does Sklair say the relationship between globalization and social movements is?

A

Global politics are like national politics, but on a larger scale

57
Q

What are the 3 factors that define a movement as global?

A

1) grievances must be framed as global grievances
2) membership and organizational structure must be global in scale
3) collective identity is globalized

Intro to Sociology (16 decks)

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